Chapter 12- Liver Flashcards
How many cm long is the liver?
13-17 cm
How much does the liver weigh
1200-1400 g in females and 1400-1800 g in males
What is the superior border of the liver?
The diaphragm
What is Glisson’s capsule
the fibrous capsule that encloses the liver
What is the bare area?
the portion of the posterior surface of the liver that is without a peritoneal covering.
The liver is an intra-peritoneal organ. What does this mean
Most of the liver is covered in peritoneum.
What are the three main cell types in the liver?
Bilary epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and kupffer cells
The liver converts glucose into
glycogen
What is glycogenesis?
Conversion of stored glycogen into an usable form, glucose, which is released into the bloodstream
What does the liver store
vitamins and other metabolic substances
The liver performs metabolism of proteins and fats. What does this entail?
The liver synthesizes amino acids into proteins and carbs into fatty acids. It also synthesizes blood proteins.
The liver serves as a major source of body heat. Why is this?
there are many hepatocellular chemical reactions that take place within it.
The liver has excretory functions. What does it secrete each day?
the liver secretes about 1 liter of bile each day.
Kupffer cells are specific to the liver. What do they do?
The Kupffer cells protect the liver by engulfing toxic substances. This includes the ethanol from alcohol as well as drugs and bacteria.
After birth, the umbilical vein vanishes. What does it become?
Ligament of Teres and Falciform Ligament
The fetal Ductus Venosus is a branch off the umbilical that drains into the IVC. When it vanishes after birth, what does it become?
Ligamentum Venosum
What does the Falciform Ligament do and where does it end?
It divides the right and left lobes of the liver. It ends inferiorly at Ligament Teres.
What is Ligamentum venosum a border of?
It marks the anterior border of the caudate lobe
What is the right triangular ligament of the liver?
The right portion of the coronary ligament
Where does Ligament teres begin?
The terminal end of the falciform
ligament
Name 4 things that divide the right and left lobes of the liver?
the middle hepatic vein, IVC, the main lobar fissure and the gallbladder fossa
Describe the right lobe of the liver’s size and segments.
The right lobe is the largest lobe. It has posterior and anterior
segments.
Describe the segmetns of the Left Lobe of the Liver.
The left lobe is divided into
medial and lateral segments.
What ligaments/vessels separate the segments of the left lobe of the liver
The left hepatic vein, falciform
ligament, and ligament of teres separate the medial from lateral
lobes
What separates the segments of the right lobe of the liver
They are separated by the right hepatic vein
What are the borders of the Caudate lobe?
Ligamentum venosum anteriorly and the IVC posteriorly.
Describe Reidel’s Lobe. Is it normal or abnormal?
It is a normal variant of the right lobe. The right lobe extends inferiorly as a tongue-like projection
What is Main Lobar Fissure and what does it separate?
The hyperechoic line between the gallbladder and Main Portal Vein in a longitudinal image.
It separates the Right and Left liver.
What does the falciform ligament do?
Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm
How does Ligamentum Teres appear sonographically?
As a bright echogenic line in the Transverse view of the left lobe.
Ligamentum Venosum forms from the remnants of what fetal vein?
The Fetal Ductus Venosus
What does the Ligamentum Teres separate?
The caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver.
Are all of the portal triad segments intrasegmental?
Yes. The triad vessels stay together intrasegmentally down to a cellular level.
What artery supplies 20-30% of the blood to the liver?
The Hepatic Artery
What is a sinusoid?
A capillary that connects arteries to the veins.
What segments does the Right Hepatic Vein separate and drain?
Anterior and Posterior segments of the right lobe
What does the Left Hepatic Vein separate and drain?
Medial and Lateral segments of the Left Lobe
What does the Middle Hepatic Vein separate and drain?
Medial and Anterior segments of the Left Lobe
Each segment of the liver has its own portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. Why?
So each segment could be cut out without damaging the remaining liver.
What vessel supplies nutrients and 70-80% of the blood to the liver.
The portal veins
Where is Morison’s Pouch located?
between right lobe liver and right kidney
Where do you measure the Right Lobe of Liver?
at the right midclavicular line
Why do we include the Kidney in pictures of the Right Lobe?
To compare the echogenicity
How do we differentiate the Right Lobe from Left Lobe in Ultrasound?
The IVC
Where is Reidel’s Lobe? Right or Left lobe of the liver?
Right Lobe
What is the difference between direct and indirect billiruben?
Direct has been metabolized, Indirect is not metabolized.
What is the microscopic functional unit of the liver called?
Hepatic Lobule
What segments does ligament teres divide
medial and lateral segments
