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115 and 112 > Chapter 12- Liver > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Liver Flashcards

1
Q

How many cm long is the liver?

A

13-17 cm

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2
Q

How much does the liver weigh

A

1200-1400 g in females and 1400-1800 g in males

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3
Q

What is the superior border of the liver?

A

The diaphragm

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4
Q

What is Glisson’s capsule

A

the fibrous capsule that encloses the liver

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5
Q

What is the bare area?

A

the portion of the posterior surface of the liver that is without a peritoneal covering.

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6
Q

The liver is an intra-peritoneal organ. What does this mean

A

Most of the liver is covered in peritoneum.

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7
Q

What are the three main cell types in the liver?

A

Bilary epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and kupffer cells

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8
Q

The liver converts glucose into

A

glycogen

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9
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Conversion of stored glycogen into an usable form, glucose,
which is released into the bloodstream

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10
Q

What does the liver store

A

vitamins and other metabolic substances

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11
Q

The liver performs metabolism of proteins and fats. What does this entail?

A

The liver synthesizes amino acids into proteins and carbs into fatty acids. It also synthesizes blood proteins.

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12
Q

The liver serves as a major source of body heat. Why is this?

A

there are many hepatocellular chemical reactions that take place within it.

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13
Q

The liver has excretory functions. What does it secrete each day?

A

the liver secretes about 1 liter of bile each day.

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14
Q

Kupffer cells are specific to the liver. What do they do?

A

The Kupffer cells protect the liver by engulfing toxic substances. This includes the ethanol from alcohol as well as drugs and bacteria.

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15
Q

After birth, the umbilical vein vanishes. What does it become?

A

Ligament of Teres and Falciform Ligament

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16
Q

The fetal Ductus Venosus is a branch off the umbilical that drains into the IVC. When it vanishes after birth, what does it become?

A

Ligamentum Venosum

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17
Q

What does the Falciform Ligament do and where does it end?

A

It divides the right and left lobes of the liver. It ends inferiorly at Ligament Teres.

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18
Q

Where does the Coronary ligament run?

A

It runs superiorly on the
anterosuperior surface of the
liver

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19
Q

What is the Left triangular ligament?

A

The left portion of the coronary
ligament

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20
Q

What is Ligamentum venosum a border of?

A

It marks the left border of the caudate lobe

21
Q

What is the right triangular ligament?

A

The right portion of the coronary
ligament

22
Q

Where does Ligament teres begin?

A

The terminal end of the falciform
ligament

23
Q

Name 4 things that divide the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

the middle hepatic vein, IVC, the main lobar fissure and the gallbladder fossa

24
Q

Describe the right lobe of the liver’s size and segments.

A

The right lobe is the largest lobe. It has posterior and anterior
segments.

25
Q

Describe the segmetns of the Left Lobe of the Liver.

A

The left lobe is divided into
medial and lateral segments.

26
Q

What separates the segments of the left lobe of the liver

A

The left hepatic vein, falciform
ligament, and ligament of teres separate the medial from lateral
lobes

27
Q

What separates the segments of the right lobe of the liver

A

They are separated by the right hepatic vein

28
Q

What are the borders of the Caudate lobe?

A

Ligamentum venosum and the IVC posteriorly.

29
Q

Describe Reidel’s Lobe. Is it normal or abnormal?

A

It is a normal variant of the right lobe. The right lobe extends
inferiorly as a tongue-like projection

30
Q

What is Main Lobar Fissure and what does it separate?

A

The hyperechoic line between the gallbladder and Main Portal Vein in a longitudinal image.
It separates the Right and Left liver.

31
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm

32
Q

How does Ligamentum Teres appear sonographically?

A

As a bright echogenic line in the Transverse view of the left lobe.

33
Q

Ligamentum Venosum forms from the remnants of what fetal vein?

A

The Fetal Ductus Venosus

34
Q

What does the Ligamentum Teres separate?

A

The caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver.

35
Q

Are all of the portal triad segments intrasegmental?

A

Yes. The triad vessels stay together intrasegmentally down to a cellular level.

36
Q

What artery supplies 20-30% of the blood to the liver?

A

The Hepatic Artery

37
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

A capillary that connects hepatic arteries to the veins. The hepatic veins dump blood into the IVC.

38
Q

What segments does the Right Hepatic Vein separate and drain?

A

Anterior and Posterior segments of the right lobe

39
Q

What does the Left Hepatic Vein separate and drain?

A

Medial and Lateral segments of the Left Lobe

40
Q

What does the Middle Hepatic Vein separate and drain?

A

Right and Left lobe

41
Q

Each segment of the liver has its own portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. Why?

A

So each segment could be cut out without damaging the remaining liver.

42
Q

What vessel supplies nutrients and 70-80% of the blood to the liver.

A

The portal veins

43
Q

Where is Morison’s Pouch located?

A

between right lobe liver and right kidney

44
Q

Where do you measure the Right Lobe of Liver?

A

at the right midclavicular line

45
Q

Why do we include the Kidney in pictures of the Right Lobe?

A

To compare the echogenicity

46
Q

How do we differentiate the Right Lobe from Left Lobe in Ultrasound?

A

The IVC

47
Q

Where is Reidel’s Lobe? Right or Left lobe of the liver?

A

Right Lobe

48
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect billiruben?

A

Direct has been metabolized, Indirect is not metabolized.

49
Q

What is the microscopic functional unit of the liver called?

A

Hepatic Lobule

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