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Abdominal Imaging 115/112 > Chapter 17- Spleen > Flashcards

Chapter 17- Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

At what week of embryonic life does hematopoesis begin?

A

11

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2
Q

What does the spleen produce during embryonic life

A

red and white blood cells

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3
Q

What blood cells does the spleen produce after birth?

A

White blood cells

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4
Q

The spleen is considered an intraperitoneal organ. Why?

A

It’s completely covered by peritoneum except for the hilum

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5
Q

The length of the spleen varies, but about how long is it?

A

8-13 cm

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6
Q

What is the normal AP measurement of the spleen?

A

7-8 cm

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7
Q

What is the minumum length of a spleen with splenomegaly

A

13cm

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8
Q

The spleen is the largest organ in the ______ system

A

lymphatic

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9
Q

is the spleen required for life

A

no

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10
Q

The splenic vein joins the SMV to form what structure

A

Main Portal Vein

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11
Q

Where does the splenic artery come from

A

the left branch of the celiac axis

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12
Q

describe the echogenicity AND echotexture of the spleen

A

isoechoic/hypoechoic to the liver. homogeneous and smooth texture

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13
Q

The spleen is part of which body system that is responsbile for phagocytosis?

A

the reticuloendothelial system

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14
Q

The spleen has a true capsule. What does this mean

A

it is a fragile organ

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15
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

engulfing and destroying damaged and old cells and pathogens.

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16
Q

What are the 4 functions of the spleen

A

defense, hematopoiesis, blood cell and platelet distruction, blood reservor

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17
Q

when might a post-birth spleen produce red blood cells

A

in a case of severe hemolytic anemia

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18
Q

what is white pulp

A

it produces the white blood cells which ingest harmful pathogens that enter the bloodstream as an immune response

19
Q

white pulp contains Malphigian corpuscles. what do these do?

A

they perform the lymphatic functions. lymph destroys bacteria and pathogens

20
Q

Where is the white pulp located

A

it surrounds the smaller splenic arteries

21
Q

when does red pulp form

A

after birth

22
Q

what does red pulp do

A

destroys red blood cells through phagocytosis

23
Q

red pulp is looser and more vascular. what is it made of?

A

splenic sinuses and splenic cords

24
Q

What is a splenic sinus?

A

a long chennel that occupies the space that is not filled by white pulp

25
Q

The spleen inspects red blood cells. why?

A

so it can destroy the abnormal cells.

26
Q

to get through the splenic sinus, where must the blood pass through

A

the red pulp that acts as a filter for phagocytosis

27
Q

The spleen’s phagocyte cells perform phagocytosis. what are the two parts of phagocytosis

A

pitting and culling

28
Q

What is pitting

A

the removal of nuclei from old red blood cells without damaging the cell

29
Q

what is culling

A

the removal of abnormal red blood cells

30
Q

how does the spleen act as a blood reservoir

A

the red pulp can store red blood cells in the sinuses. this blood can quickly be released into the circulatory system when needed.

31
Q

what is splenomegaly

A

an enlarged spleen

32
Q

what is a common cause of splenomegaly

A

portal hypertension due to cirrosis of the liver causing a backup of blood into the spleen

33
Q

what is the most common cause of splenomegaly in children

A

viral infections

34
Q

how do you tell longitudinal and transverse sonograms of the spleen apart?

A

The long is an L shape and transverse is backward L

35
Q

what complications may occur with asplenia

A

it may be associated with congenital heart defect. asplenia alone does not cause complications

36
Q

what percent of people have an accessory spleen

A

10%

37
Q

what is an accessory spleen

A

a globe shaped mass usually found around the hilum

38
Q

define hematocrit

A

percentage of red blood cells in the blood

39
Q

define bacteremia

A

percentage of bacteria within the blood

40
Q

define leukocytosis

A

increase in the number of leukocytes

41
Q

define leukopenia

A

abnormally low number of leukocytes in the blood

42
Q

define thrombocytopenia

A

an abnormal decrease in platelets

43
Q

the spleen is posteriolateral to what organs?

A

body and fundus of stomach, tail of pancreas

44
Q

the spleen lies between the stomach and what other organ

A

the diaphragm

Abdominal Imaging 115/112 (8 decks)

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