Chapters 9,10,11 Quiz #4 Flashcards
Multiple layers of smooth muscle that contract progressively from the esophagus to the colon
Adventitia
The muscular layer of the wall of the alimentary canal
Adventitia
RUQ includes?
Liver, gallbladder, part of the large intestine, right kidney, and umbilicus
LUQ includes?
Stomach, spleen, pancreas, costal arch, part of the large intestine, and the left kidney
RLQ includes
Appendix, cecum, rectum, iliac crest, part of the large intestine, the right ovary, right ureter, and part of the uterus, urinary bladder
LLQ includes
Colon, inguinal ligament, small intestine, Part of the large intestine, left ovary, left ureter, part of the uterus and urinary bladder
Salivary glands include
Parotid gland, sublingual gland, and the submandibular gland
(Mastication is chewing food by teeth to break it down). During that process food is mixed with secretions from the?
Salivary glands
The expandable hollow tube through which partially digested food passes from the mouth to the stomach
Esophagus
Where is the esophagus located
In the mediastinum posterior to the trachea
A semiliquid mass formed in the stomach by churned food mixed with digestive juices? Located?
Chyme. Located in the stomach (LUQ below the diaphragm)
The primary enzyme in saliva
Salivary amylase
Thick folds of the stomach wall
Rugae
Cells in the gastric mucosa that produce hydrochloric acid
Parietal cells
An acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that aids in digestion
Hydrochloric acid
Enzymes that break down proteins
Peptidases
Colon consists of four portions
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
One of the four portions of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
Ascending colon
One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the hepatic flex urge across the abdomen to the splenic flexure
Transverse colon
One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon
Descending colon
One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the descending colon and forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends as the rectum
Sigmoid colon
A saclike organ located on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile
Gallbladder (located in the RUQ)
It is vascular and vital in fighting infection as well as in the removal of red blood cells from circulation. Located behind the stomach in the LUQ
Spleen
A large abdominal organ that secretes bile into the gallbladder, the largest internal organ of the body? Where is it located
Liver. RUQ
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
The process of contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the alimentary tract that serves to propel food through the system
Peristalsis
An anatomic landmark in the RLQ of the abdomen that typically represents the location of pain associated with appendicitis
McBurney’s point
What organs are located in the retroperitoneal space
Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, and major blood vessels
The productive component of metabolism associated with the build-up of energy stores and body tissue
Anabolism
The destruction component of metabolism associated with the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
Catabolism
What serves as the main cell “food”
Glucose
The final products of carbohydrate digestion in the gut are?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
An energy-requiring process that aids in the movement of particles through gradients
Facilitated diffusion
The three small sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose) attach to _______________ and pass through intestinal mucosal cell membranes via facilitated diffusion
Carrier molecules
Some glucose is stored in the liver as ______________ which is catabolized when necessary to raise the blood sugar level
Glycogen
______ molecules form the “energy food” for all the body’s functions
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
A biochemical process that occurs in the presence of oxygen and results in the production of energy in the form of ATP; also called cellular respiration
Aerobic metabolism
An alternate form of metabolism that occurs when O2 levels are low and less energy is produced than during aerobic respiration; lactic acid is produced as a waste product during this process
Anaerobic metabolism
A waste product during anaerobic metabolism
Lactate acid
___________ occurs when heat at the surface is lost because of vaporization of liquid. Such as?
Evaporation. From sweating, or spraying water mist on the body to keep cool.
A hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes the kidney to reabsorb more water into the blood and excrete less urine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The absence of ADH results in ????
Large volumes of diluted urine????
Reasons why the body might be depleted of fluids and electrolytes
Severe burns, or dehydration
Solid, bean shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space that filter blood and excrete body wastes in the form of urine
Kidneys
The functional unit of the kidney? what forms inside?
Nephron
A semipermeable capillary filter located within the Bowman’s capsule in the nephron
Glomerulus
A potentially severe bacterial infection of renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex. (Kidney infection)
Pyelonephritis
A condition often caused by pituitary dysfunction that is associated with production of large volumes of dilute urine and in which the patients experience intense thirst. Result in decreased production of ADH
Diabetes insipidus
A hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low
Renin
ADH is produced by the ____________ and is stored in the __________ lobe of the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus, posterior
ADH regulates the permeability of the ____________ and the ______________
Distal convoluted, collecting ducts
The female urethra is only about 4 cm long and is fused with the
Anterior wall of the vagina
The portion in the nucleus of each cell on which genetic material is carried
Chromosome
The total number of chromosomes (46) in a mature human cell
Diploid
The number of chromosomes (23) carried on each sex cell in the body
Haploid
During the reproductive years of a women’s life, the pituitary gland releases
Hormones at roughly monthly intervals
Ovum contains
23 chromosomes
The two hollow tubes or ducts that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary and serve as a passage for ova and sperm? _________________ takes place here?
Fallopian tubes, fertilization of the ovum by sperm
The pear-shaped female reproductive organ located in the midline of the lower abdomen that allows the implantation, growth, and nourishment of a fetus during pregnancy
Uterus
The part of the uterus that extends into the vagina
Cervix
The top portion of the uterus
Fundus
Ligaments that hold the uterus in place
Broad ligament, round ligament, and uterosacral ligament
Implantation occurs approximately ______ days after fertilization
7
The thin mucous membrane that covers the vaginal opening
Hymen
The anterior _______________ contains the external genitalia; the posterior _____________ contains the anal opening
Urogenital triangle, anal triangle
A nonspecific term for infection within the vagina? Caused by? And signs?
Vaginitis. bacteria, yeast, viruses, parasites, chemicals, and STD’s. Inflammation, discharge, odor, painful intercourse
A painful condition characterized by a testicle that is twisted about spermatic cord
Testicular torsion
Major events in the __________ trimester include positive pregnancy test
1st
The audible fetal heart tones noted on the _______________ __________ in the __________ trimester
Doppler ultrasound, 1st
Pregnancy tests measure
Blood HCG
Body cells contain a __________ number of _________ of chromosomes
Diploid, two sets
Human body cell contains ___ chromosomes ____ pairs
46, 23 pairs
Sex cell (sperm, ova) contain __________ number of chromosomes, or __ chromosomes each
Haploid, 23
Once fertilized, the zygote can have two X chromosomes resulting in a _________ embryo
Female (XX)
An zygote with an X and a Y chromosome resulted in a ________ embryo
Male (XY)
The observable characteristics of an organism that results from genetic composition and environmental factors
Phenotype
The genetic composition for a given trait
Genotype
Opening in the duodenum into which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain
Ampulla of vater
Individuals with appendicitis often are tender over an area known as
McBurney’s point in the RLQ
If appendicitis goes untreated, the appendix may burst, resulting in the release of pus into the Abdominal cavity. What life threatening infection may result?
Peritonitis
What happens in the first stage of labor
The uterine wall begins to contract and the cervix dilates
What happens in the second stage of labor
The birth of the baby
What happens in the third stage of labor
The placenta is expelled
