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Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #2 2/5/2014 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #2 2/5/2014 Flashcards

0
Q

Tough white bands of tissue that bind bones together

A

Ligaments

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1
Q

Specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that are continuous with the periosteum. They also attache muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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2
Q

Plates of shiny connective tissue that are lubricated by synovial fluid to provide a slippery surface over which bones may move freely

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

The major site of bone elongation, located just proximal to the bone ends. Also called the growth plate

A

Physis or epiphyseal plate

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4
Q

The end of a long bone

A

Epiphyses

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5
Q

The area of long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge. The epiphyseal plate is located here

A

Metaphysis

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6
Q

Large, multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

A bone-forming cell

A

Osteoblast

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8
Q

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the otter arc of the bend is broken. This fracture primarily occurs in children and often heals quickly

A

Greenstick fracture

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9
Q

A fracture straight across the shaft of a bone

A

Transverse fracture

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10
Q

A fracture at an angle to the shaft of a bone

A

Oblique fracture

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11
Q

A fracture that twists around the shaft of a bone

A

Spiral fracture

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12
Q

A fracture in which the bone end is fragmented

A

Comminuted fracture

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13
Q

A fracture in which one fragmented bone end is wedged into the other fragmented end

A

Impacted fracture

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14
Q

A fracture in which the bone collapses

A

Compression fracture

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15
Q

The topmost layer of bone on one side of the bone is compressed, causing the other side to bend away from the growth plate. Also known as a buckle fracture. Mostly found in children

A

Torus fracture

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16
Q

The point of the skull where the parietal bones join together

A

Sagittal suture (back of the head)

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17
Q

The point where parietal bones join together with the frontal bone

A

Coronal suture

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18
Q

The three small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, Incus, and Stapes

A

Ossicles

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19
Q

The large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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20
Q

A prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached

A

Crustal galli

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21
Q

The three layers of membrane, the dura, arachnoid, and pia, that surround the brain

A

Meninges

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22
Q

A fracture of the floor of the orbit usually caused by a blow to the eye

A

Blowout fracture

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23
Q

Soft tissue within the tooth

A

Pulp

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24
Q

How many vertebrae are in the spine

A

33

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25
Q

How many different divisions are in the spine

A

5

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26
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine

A

7

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27
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine

A

12

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28
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine

A

5

29
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum

A

5

30
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx

A

4

31
Q

The five sacral vertebrae, which are fused together to form the posterior portion of the pelvic structure

A

Sacrum

32
Q

The part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder

A

Glenoid fossa

33
Q

The collarbone, which is located on the anterior chest and is an integral part of the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle

34
Q

The triangular shaped bone that comprises the shoulder blade, which is an integral component of the shoulder girdle

A

Scapula

35
Q

A small fluid-filled sac located between a tendon and a bone that cushions and protects the joint

A

Bursa

36
Q

A cone shaped section of bone at the base of the temporal bone

A

Mastroid process

37
Q

A cellular protein found in myofilaments that is active in muscular contractions, cellular movement and maintenance of cell shape

A

Actin myofilament

38
Q

A fibrous globulin of muscle that reacts with actin to form actomyosin

A

Myosin myofilaments

39
Q

Specialized nerve cells that deliver an impulse to muscle cells, causing them to contract

A

Motor neurons

40
Q

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. One type of a synapse

A

Neuromuscular junction

41
Q

The distal end of the nerve fiber in the neuromuscular junction

A

Presynaptic terminal

42
Q

The proximal portion of the muscle fiber in the neuromuscular junction

A

Postsynaptic terminal

43
Q

The space between the nerves and the muscles in the neuromuscular junction across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic cleft

44
Q

A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

45
Q

When released from the Presynaptic terminal ___________ diffuses across the synaptic cleft

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

Organic molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter in many organisms. Excitatory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions

A

Acetylcholine

47
Q

A change in electrical potential that occurs when a cell or tissue has been activated by a stimulus

A

Action potential

48
Q

The movement of the myofilaments during contraction of the muscle

A

Sliding filament mechanism

49
Q

When muscle contractions use is at or below the maximum rate of ATP generation. The muscle fiber can function _________

A

Aerobically

50
Q

Temporary oxygen deficiency in muscles after strenuous exercise, characterized by heavy breathing until muscles have been supplied with sufficient oxygen

A

Oxygen dept

51
Q

An organic acid that can lower the intracellular pH

A

Lactic acid

52
Q

An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, carries 97% oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

53
Q

An iron-containing red pigment, similar to hemoglobin that is found in the muscle fibers

A

Myoglobin

54
Q

Sheets of muscle found in the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

A

Visceral smooth muscle

55
Q

Conduction areas between cells that interconnect individual muscle cells

A

Gap junctions

56
Q

One of the two types of smooth muscle, it is formed into sheets of muscle (as in the walls of blood vessels) small bundles of muscle (as in the iris of the eye), or being a single cell. Each cell contracts independently thus the rate of contraction is somewhat slower than visceral smooth muscle

A

Multiunit smooth muscles

57
Q

Branching fibers in cardiac muscle that allow action potentials to pass from cell to cell

A

Intercalated disks

58
Q

Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement

A

Synergists

59
Q

Tough, rope like cords of fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bone

A

Tendons

60
Q

The longest muscle in the human body, it is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and flexes both the hip and the knee when it contracts

A

Sartorius muscle

61
Q

Skeletal system contains

A

Multiple nuclei, striated, voluntary, and action potential is sarcomers

62
Q

Smooth muscle includes

A

Single nuclei, Nonstriated, involuntary, and action potential is gap junction

63
Q

Cardiac muscle has

A

Single nuclei, striated, involuntary, and action potential is intercalated disks

64
Q

The transparent viscous lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in an articulation

A

Synovial fluid

65
Q

The __________ components of the bone supply strength for bearing weight! Bones without the necessary amount are very flexible

A

Mineral

66
Q

_________fibers in bone act like reinforcing rods in a concrete structure! lending flexibility strength to the bone. With out enough _________ the bones are extremely brittle

A

Collagen

67
Q

A mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collagen, comprises the structural element of bone

A

Hydroxyapatite

68
Q

The area of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge. The epiphyseal plate is located here

A

Metaphysis

69
Q

Long bone examples

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius, and humerus

70
Q

Short bone examples

A

Cube-shaped or round, bones in wrist or of the ankle

71
Q

Flat bone examples

A

Certain skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae

Anatomy (9 decks)

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