Chapters 12, 13, 14 Quiz #5 Flashcards
Glands that empty their products through ducts, usually onto epithelial surfaces (tears or sweat glands)
Exocrine glands
Glands that empty secretions (hormones) directly into the blood
Endocrine glands
What binds receptors located within the cells
Steroids and thyroid hormones
The basal part of the diencephalon, it regulates the function of the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
What regulates the function of the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
A hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure; also called vasopressin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus to contract and milk to be released from the breasts of lactating women
Oxytocin
Overactivity of the thyroid gland, which results in increased metabolic rates, weight loss, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, diarrhea, and at times abnormal protrusion of the eyes known as (exophthalmos
Hyperthyroidism
Decreased metabolic rate with weight gain, dry skin, low heart rate and blood pressure, constipation, and apathy
Hypothyroidism
Hormone that plays an important role in milk production in women
Prolactin
Four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid, they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid glands
What hormones does the pancreas produce
Insulin and glucagon
A specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced
Islets of langerhans
Cells located in the islets of langerhans that secrete glucagon
Alpha cells
Cells located in the islets of langerhans that secrete insulin
Beta cells
A long polymer from which glucose is converted in the liver (animal starch)
Glycogen
Glands located on top of each kidney that produce and secrete certain sex hormones, as well as other hormones that are vital to maintaining the body’s water and salt balance; also called the suprarenal glands
Adrenal glands
Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body. Also the most important mineralocorticoid which is produced in the zona glomerulosa
Aldosterone
The three major female hormones
Estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
The body’s external surface, including the skin, nails, hair, and sweat and oil glands
Integumentary system
The three functions of the integumentary system
Temperature regulation, maintain water balance, and defense against disease
Wound in which the flaps of skin and tissue are torn loose or pulled off completely
Avulsion
Wound made by a sharp instrument that passes through the skin, affecting all tissues in its path
Penetrating wound
A wound with smooth or jagged edge, resulting from tearing or scraping action
Laceration
The layer of skin located immediately above the hypodermis
Dermis
The innermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum germinativum
The outer layer of the epidermis, which contains about 25 layers of dead cells that continuously shed as new cells push upward
Stratum corneum
An inflammation of the conjunctivae that usually is caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergies and should be considered highly contagious; also called pink eye
Conjunctivitis
A jelly-like substance found in the posterior compartment of the eye between the lens and the retina
Vitreous humor
The clear, watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the globe
Aqueous humor
The sense of taste
Gustation
The ear is divided into three anatomical parts
The external ear, middle ear, and the inner ear
Part of the ear that contains the pinna, the ear canal, and the exterior portion of the tympanic membrane
External ear
Part of the ear that consists of the cochlea and semicircular canals
Inner ear
One of the parts of the ear that consists of the inner portion of the tympanic membrane and ossicles
Middle ear
The three small bones in the inner ear that transmit vibrations to the cochlear duct at the oval window
Ossicles
A structure located in the cochlea that contains hairs that are stimulated by vibrations to form nerve impulses that travel to the brain and are perceived as sound
Organ of corti
Fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear
Endolymph
Pain felt at a different site from that of the injured or diseased part of the body
Referred pain
Any of several conditions that result in excess skin sensitivity, especially to touch or to cold
Hyperesthesia
