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Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #3 2/7/2014 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #3 2/7/2014 Flashcards

0
Q

Lymphatic system cycles through?

A

Lymphatic capillaries, Lymph vessels, lymph nodes,

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1
Q

A thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

A

Lymph

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2
Q

After the lymphatic system cycles the fluid returns through the main circulatory system via the?

A

Thoracic duct

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3
Q

What occurs if the lymphatic system isn’t working correctly and fluid backs up?

A

Edema

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4
Q

Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid ________ from the tissues

A

Away

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5
Q

Lymph vessels pass through at least _____________ ________ before entering the blood stream

A

One lymph node

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6
Q

A type of white blood cell that helps fight infection and provide immunity

A

Lymphocytes

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7
Q

Tissue with no clear boundary that blends with surrounding tissues and contains lymphocytes and other cells

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

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8
Q

The spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another, especially with many forms of cancer

A

Metastasize

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9
Q

A triangular-shaped gland located below the sternum in the superior mediastinum

A

Thymus

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10
Q

Spleen is located in the left upper quadrant and consists of two types of lymph tissue

A

The red pulp and white pulp

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11
Q

An immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge

A

Nonspecific immunity

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12
Q

The immune response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after each subsequent exposure

A

Specific immunity

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13
Q

What is the most important component of the immune system?

A

Leukocytes

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14
Q

Certain types of Leukocytes ingest and destroy foreign matter by the process of?

A

Phagocytosis

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15
Q

Larger cells ______________ are able to leave the bloodstream and enter diseased tissue once invader bacteria is destroyed

A

Macrophages

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16
Q

Immune globin or IgG comprises ____ to ___ of total serum antibody and is responsible for numerous actions, including Rh reactions

A

80% to 85%

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17
Q

We are born with ________ immunity

A

Natural

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18
Q

Natural immunity is

A

Genetic or natural passive immunity results when antibodies produced by the mother cross the placental barrier to provide protection against fetal infections

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19
Q

The immunity that develops in ones lifetime and is a reaction in the body occurring as a result of natural exposure to invaders or from a deliberate exposure to an antigen

A

Acquired immunity

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20
Q

Infectious disease that is spread through droplets from coughing and sneezing

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

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21
Q

Where is TB prevalent?

A

Nursing homes, homeless shelters, hospitals, prisons, migrant farm camps, and among IV drug users and HIV-positive individuals

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22
Q

What is the most frequent infectious disease found in prehospital care

A

Pneumonia and hepatitis

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23
Q

Several infectious agents are

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, nematodes, and prions

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24
Q

Cause most serious human infections, including TB, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and plague

A

Bacteria

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25
Q

Small particles that are incapable of living independently. Contain genetic genetic material (RNA or DNA) and typically live and reproduce within another living cell. Cause most common colds and HIV

A

Viruses

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26
Q

Small, plant-like organisms, such as yeast. Cause many conditions like athlete’s foot, jock itch, and valley fever

A

Fungi

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27
Q

A single-cell animal-like microorganisms such as amoeba and plasmodium. Exposure can cause malaria

A

Protozoans

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28
Q

Unsegmented worms that are tapered at both ends and include roundworms, pinworms, and hookworms. Exposure is known to cause intestinal or skin disease.

A

Nematodes

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29
Q

Abnormal proteins, previously believed to be incapable of a free-living existence, somehow survive independently and transmit disease from person to person. No nucleus but can multiply. Example is mad cow disease

A

Prions

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30
Q

The nasopharynx extends from?

A

Internal nares to the uvula

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31
Q

The oropharynx extends from the

A

Uvula to the epiglottis

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32
Q

Three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

A

Conchae

33
Q

A set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help maintain smooth airflow

A

Turbinates

34
Q

The superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

35
Q

The opening into the lower airway made up of the true vocal cords and the opening between them

A

Glottis

36
Q

Inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound

A

True vocal cords

37
Q

The process by which a gas dissolves into liquid

A

Diffusion

38
Q

The very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and the blood vessels occurs

A

Alveolocapillary membrane

39
Q

A small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the right lung

A

Lingula

40
Q

Right lung contains

A

3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower)

41
Q

The left lung contains

A

Two lobes (upper and lower) also the lingula sits in the middle

42
Q

What lung is more likely to inhale a foreign object?

A

Right lung

43
Q

A reversible restrictive lower airway disease

A

Asthma

44
Q

Medication that is designed to improve lung function

A

Bronchodilator

45
Q

What organ controls respirations

A

The brain

46
Q

Constriction of the airway passages of the lungs that accompanies muscle spasms

A

Bronchospasm

47
Q

Asthma causes

A

Bronchospasm, inflammation, and constriction

48
Q

COPD creates

A

Chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

49
Q

Destruction of the walls of the alveoli, which creates resistance to expiratory airflow

A

Emphysema

50
Q

Neural tissues contain two basic types of cells

A

Nerve cells called Neurons, and Neuroglia

51
Q

One of the two basic types of neural tissue, they support, protect, defend and aid in the repair of injury of neural tissue. (Function as support cells)

A

Neuroglia

52
Q

The central nervous style is composed of

A

Brain and spinal cord

53
Q

The central nervous system includes ________ pairs of cranial nerves that branch directly from the brain

A

12

54
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord via vertebral column

A

31 pairs

55
Q

The brain stem consists of the

A

Medulla, pons, and midbrain and connects to the spinal cord

56
Q

The inferior portion of the midbrain that is continuous inferiorly with the spinal cord

A

Medulla

57
Q

Name the 3 meninges in correct order

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

58
Q

The outermost of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord, it’s the toughest membrane

A

Dura mater

59
Q

The middle membrane of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord

A

Arachnoid

60
Q

The innermost of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord, it rests directly on the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

61
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

62
Q

Large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord exits the brain

A

Foremen magnum

63
Q

Numerous individual nerve roots that extend from the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar vertebra

A

Cauda equina

64
Q

The plexus of spinal nerves that innervates the shoulder and upper extremity

A

Brachial plexus C5 to T1

65
Q

Cervical plexus consists of spinal nerves

A

C1 to C4

66
Q

The brachial plexus consists of spinal nerves

A

C5 to T1

67
Q

The lumbar plexus includes

A

L1 to L4

68
Q

Sacral plexus includes

A

L4 to S4

69
Q

The most important nerve of the cervical plexus

A

Phrenic nerve

70
Q

The largest peripheral nerve in the body

A

Sciatic nerve

71
Q

Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenal glands

72
Q

Adrenal glands are located on top of the

A

Kidneys

73
Q

An enzyme that rapidly destroys acetylcholine once it has reached the target tissue

A

Acetycholinesterase

74
Q

SLUDGE

A 
Salvation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal upset
Emesis

If M
Miosis
Muscle spasm

75
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the bodies response to shock and stress.

A

Sympathetic pathway

76
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system that relaxes the body

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

77
Q

Nervous tissue that helps the myelin sheath around certain neurons

A

Schwann cells

78
Q

The portion of the brain that is important in voluntary motor actions and personality traits

A

Frontal lobe

79
Q

The portion of the brain that is the site for reception and evaluating of most sensory information except smell hearing and vision

A

Parietal lobe

80
Q

Portion of the brain that is responsible for the processing of visual information

A

Occipital lobe

81
Q

Portion of the brain that plays important role in hearing and memory

A

Temporal lobe

Anatomy (9 decks)

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