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Human Diseases > Chapters 8 -11 > Flashcards

Chapters 8 -11 Flashcards

1
Q

Angioplasty

A

A procedure that involves passing a catheter into the artery and inflating a balloon on the catheter to push the plaque against the vessel wall, thus widening the lumen of the vessel.

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2
Q

Ankle-brachial index test

A

A comparison of the blood pressure in the lower leg to the blood pressure in the arms

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3
Q

Auscultation

A

Using a stethoscope to listen to a body cavity and organs.

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4
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

And invasive procedure used to sample the blood in the chambers of the heart to determine the amount of oxygen content and blood pressure chambers.

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5
Q

Cardiac palpitations

A

An unusually strong, rapid, or irregular heart rate that is so abnormal the individual can feel it.

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish condition of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the blood.

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7
Q

Diastolic

A

Relating to cardiac diastole; the process of the heart resting as the chambers refill with blood.

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8
Q

Doppler

A

A device that may be placed over arteries to magnify the sound of bloodflow.

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9
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

The graphic drawing produced by and electrocardiograph, a machine that receives electrical information and draws heart action.

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10
Q

Embolus

A

Material floating in the blood that may stick to a vessel and occlude or stop bloodflow, leading to ischemia or death of the organs supplied by the vessel.

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11
Q

Endarterectomy

A

A surgical procedure involving opening an artery and cleaning out the plaque.

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12
Q

Exsanguination

A

Loss of circulating blood volume.

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13
Q

Fibrillation

A

A heart rhythm that is wild and uncoordinated; acardiac arrhythmia.

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14
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the chest cavity

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15
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

The condition of developing muscle cramps that are relieved with rest and increased with activity.

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16
Q

Ischemia

A

Hypoxia of cells or tissues caused by decreased blood flow.

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17
Q

Lumen

A

The inner open space or with a tubular structure or anatomical part.

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18
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal sound in the heart or vascular system.

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19
Q

Patency

A

Openness

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20
Q

Perfusion

A

To pour through or supply with blood.

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21
Q

Plaque

A

A patch; dental plaque is a sticky mass of microorganisms growing on teeth.

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22
Q

Systolic

A

Relating to cardiac systole; the process of cardiac contraction (heartbeat) when blood is ejected into the systemic circulation.

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23
Q

Tachycardia

A

A rapid heart rate; usually a rate over 100 beats per minute.

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24
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot attached to a vein or artery.

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25
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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26
Q

Noninvasive diagnostic test for the heart

A

Auscultation, Doppler, electrocardiogram, echocardiography ultrasound arteriography.

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27
Q

Invasive heart test

A

Cardiac catheterization

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28
Q

What are the common x-rays used to check the heart and vessels?

A

Angiocardiography, angiography, venogram

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29
Q

What blood tests are used to check the heart enzymes?

A

Creatine phosphokinase(CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)

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30
Q

Tell the description, etiology,symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of:
Hypertension

A

Description: indicator of development of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. A chronic disease. It’s the leading cause of stroke and heart failure.
Etiology: The risk factors: Heredity, diet, age, obesity, smoking, stress and type A personality.
Symptoms: symptoms usually do not occur until significant heart vessel damage has already occurred.
Diagnosis: blood pressure greater than 140/90. The evaluation of hypertension consists primary: taking a medical family history, testing blood for cholesterol should be under 200. LDL should be under hundred, HDL should be over 45, triglycerides should be under 200, anti-hypertensive medications, lifestyle changes, low-salt diet, stress reducing exercise, stop smoking, and diuretics.

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31
Q

Tell the description, etiology,symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of:
Arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis

A

Description: loss of elasticity and thickness of artery wall, also known as hardening of arteries, black which is deposits a fatty… Material and wall of artery major areas that are affecting are coronary arteries, Cerebral Arteries, aorta, Peripheral arteries .
Etiology: Risk factors-Non-controllable- Heredity, age, sex, diabetes. Controllable factors- Diet, sedentary lifestyle, stress, cigarette smoking, hypertension.
Symptoms: symptoms appear late in the disease process and vary depending on the area affected.
Diagnosis: blood pressure, I arteriograms, x-rays, and document

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32
Q

Analgesic

A

A medication that relieves pain.

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33
Q

Antipyretics

A

A class of medications given to reduce an elevated temperature.

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34
Q

Apnea

A

The condition of not breathing; a term used to describe the absence of respirations for a period of time.

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35
Q

Arterial blood gases

A

The laboratory test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood.

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36
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

A chronic or long-term dilation of a bronchialis are bronchi along with an infection.

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37
Q

Bronchoscope

A

A diagnostic or surgical procedure in which a scope passes through the mouth into the bronchus.

38
Q

Clubbing

A

A condition affecting the distal portion of the finger; characterized by soft tissue enlargement and an abnormal curvature of the nail.

39
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish condition of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the blood.

40
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing.

41
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood.

42
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Not enough oxygen in the circulating blood.

43
Q

Hypoxia

A

Not enough oxygen to tissues.

44
Q

Orthopnea

A

The condition in which an individual has difficulty breathing in a lying position, or is able to breathe with less difficulty when standing or sitting straight up.

45
Q

Productive cough

A

Coughing up sputum or excessive mucus.

46
Q

Rales

A

An abnormal discontinuous breath sound caused by narrow bronchi and heard primarily on inspiration during us auscultation of the chest.

47
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

A runny nose.

48
Q

Rhonchi

A

Abnormal wheezing breath sounds caused by partial airway blockage and heard during inspiration, expiration, or both during auscultation of the chest.

49
Q

Sputum

A

Fluid or secretions coughed up from the lungs.

50
Q

Tachypnea

A

A severely increased respiratory rate.

51
Q

Thoracentesis

A

A procedure in which a puncture is made into the chest cavity to withdraw air or fluid; a chest tube also may be inserted to help the lung reexpand.

52
Q

Wheezing

A

A whistling, musical, or raspy sound during breathing, usually indicative of partially blocked respiratory passages.

53
Q

Lymph

A

A clear liquid similar to plasma containing many white cells.

54
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease of the lymph plans.

55
Q

Lymphangiography

A

A radiographic procedure consisting of injecting a contrast dye and taking x-rays of lymphatic vessels.

56
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells formed in lymphatic tissue.

57
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

A decrease in lymphocytes.

58
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increase in number of lymphocytes.

59
Q

Achlorhydria

A

Absence of hydrochloric acid.

60
Q

Adhesions

A

Parts of tissue that cling to the surface of the adjoining organs as normal fibrous scar tissue develops and in operative site, resulting in a fibrous band.

61
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Not displaying symptoms.

62
Q

Colorectal

A

Pertaining to both the colon and rectum.

63
Q

Defecate

A

To have a bowel movement.

64
Q

Dental plaque

A

Tough, sticky material that it adheres to the tooth enamel; caused by bacteria.

65
Q

Enterotoxin

A

Intestinal poison.

66
Q

Exacerbation

A

A time when symptoms flare up or become worse.

67
Q

Feces

A

Evacuated bowel contents; commonly called bowel movement or BM.

68
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums.

69
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood.

70
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red blood in the feces.

71
Q

ileum

A

Absence of peristalsis.

72
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

A substance secreted by the stomach lining necessary for absorption of vitamin B12.

73
Q

Intussusception

A

The telescoping of one part of the intestine over the adjoining section.

74
Q

Malaise

A

General ill feeling.

75
Q

Melena

A

Dark tarry stool due to blood in feces.

76
Q

Motility

A

The quality of being mortal or destined to die.

77
Q

Occult blood

A

Hidden blood; invisible except under microscopic examination.

78
Q

Ova and parasite (O&P)

A

An examination of a stool specimen for the presence of adult parasites or their eggs (ova).

79
Q

Paralytic obstruction

A

A decrease or absence of peristalsis that causes intestinal blockage.

80
Q

Perforation

A

And abnormal opening in an organ or tissue.

81
Q

Peristalsis

A

The contraction of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract to move food and fluid.

82
Q

Peritonitis

A

An inflammation of the peritoneum.

83
Q

Polyp

A

An inward projection of the mucosal lining of the colon.

84
Q

Remission

A

A time when symptoms are diminished or temporarily resolved.

85
Q

Salmonella

A

A group of gram-negative bacteria often responsible for intestinal infections.

86
Q

Septicemia

A

A systemic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms in the blood; also called blood poisoning.

87
Q

Stool

A

Fecal matter; feces; bowel movement (BM).

88
Q

Strep throat

A

An acute form of pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus.

89
Q

Vermiform

A

Worm-like .

90
Q

Virulent

A

Difficult to kill; able to produce disease.

91
Q

Volvulus

A

The bowel twisted on itself.

Human Diseases (8 decks)

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