Chapter 4

Question 1

Abscess

Answer 1

A localized collection of pus.

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

Parts of tissue that cling to the surface of the adjoining organs as normal fibrous scar tissue develops in an operative site, resulting in a fibrous band.

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

Immunoglobulins that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and render the antigen harmless.

Question 4

Antigen

Answer 4

A cell marker that induces a state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an anti-body; any substance that causes the body some type of harm, thus setting off this specific reaction.

Question 5

Bacteria

Answer 5

A one-celled microorganisms that may be aerobic or anaerobic and free-living, saprophytic, parasitic, or pathogenic.

Question 6

Cellulitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of connective tissue.

Question 7

Chemotaxis

Answer 7

The movement of cells or organisms in response to chemicals.

Question 8

Culture and sensitivity

Answer 8

A test to identify a pathogen and the type of treatment needed.

Question 9

Debridement

Answer 9

A process of washing or cutting away necrotic tissue and foreign material.

Question 10

Dehiscence

Answer 10

Separation of tissue margins.

Question 11

Diapedesis

Answer 11

Passage of blood, or its formed elements, through the intact walls of blood vessels.

Question 12

Emphysema

Answer 12

An accumulation of pus in a body cavity.

Question 13

Exudate

Answer 13

Fluid that has seeped out of tissue or capillaries because of injury or inflammation.

Question 14

Fistula

Answer 14

A tract that connects two organs or cavities to each other or to the surface of the skin.

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

Forms of yeast and molds; microscopic plant-like organisms.

Question 16

Helminthology

Answer 16

Intestinal parasites; also called worms; nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes.

Question 17

Histamine

Answer 17

A substance that causes local arterioles, venules, and capillaries to dilate, resulting in an increase in blood flow to the area; released in response to injury or irritation.

Question 18

Hypermedia

Answer 18

Can increased blood flow in response to a release of histamine.

Question 19

Induration

Answer 19

Hardened tissue.

Question 20

Infection

Answer 20

Invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response.

Question 21

Inflammation

Answer 21

A basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation; a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant.

Question 22

Keloid

Answer 22

Excessive collagen formation, often resulting in a hard, raised scar.

Question 23

Lesion

Answer 23

Any discontinuity of tissue.

Question 24

Leukocytosis

Answer 24

An increase in white cell count

Question 25

Macrophage

Answer 25

A monocyte that leaves the bloodstream and moves into the tissue and becomes phagocytic.

Question 26

Malaise

Answer 26

General ill feeling.

Question 27

Mast cells

Answer 27

Also called tissue histocytes; found in all tissues of the body; play a major role in the inflammatory process.

Question 28

Opportunistic

Answer 28

Normal flora bacteria that takes the “opportunity “to cause infection in the host.

Question 29

Primary union

Answer 29

Also called healing by first intention; involves approximating the edges of the wound.

Question 30

Protozoa

Answer 30

A parasite of the phylum Protozoa; a single-celled microscopic member of the animal kingdom.

Question 31

Pure lent

Answer 31

Loaded with dead and dying neutrophils, tissued debris, and pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria.

Question 32

Pus

Answer 32

White or yellow exudate due to death of numerous neutrophils mixed with exudate or blood fluid.

Question 33

Pyogenic

Answer 33

Pus forming.

Question 34

Rickettsias

Answer 34

Microscopic organisms that are intermediate between bacteria and viruses. They live in the host and are spread by lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.

Question 35

Scar

Answer 35

Skin lesion resulting from fibrous connective tissue repair.

Question 36

Secondary union

Answer 36

Also called healing by secondary intention; the same process as primary union, but involving a larger degree of tissue damage and more information to resolve.

Question 37

Septicemia

Answer 37

A systemic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms in the blood; also called blood poisoning

Question 38

Sinus

Answer 38

A tract or opening to the surface of the body forward by a large ruptured abscess.

Question 39

Tachycardia

Answer 39

A rapid heart rate; usually a rate over 100 beats per minute.

Question 40

Trauma

Answer 40

A physical or mental injury.

Question 41

Ulcer

Answer 41

A crater-like lesion in the skin or mucous membranes.

Question 42

Virulent

Answer 42

Difficult to kill; able to produce disease.

Question 43

Virus(es)

Answer 43

Hey large group of infectious agents; they are much smaller than bacteria and must be viewed with an electron microscope. They can pass through fine filters that would retain most bacteria.