Chapters 4 & Chapter 15, Sections 2&3: Classify Matter

Question 0

filtration

Answer 0

process that separates a mixture based on size of the particles

Question 1

distillation

Answer 1

process that separates a mixture based on boiling points of the components

Question 2

magnet

Answer 2

can be used to separate a mixture of the elements iron and aluminum
iron, cobalt, and nickel are attracted to magnet

Question 3

centrifuge

Answer 3

separates mixtures by the densities of the components

Question 4

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 4

not uniformly mixed
you can see different parts
2 kinds: suspension and colloid
when broken breaks into pieces

Question 5

homogeneous mixture

Answer 5

uniformly mixed

same as solution

Question 6

solution

Answer 6

homogeneous mixture 
smaller part: solute 
largest part: solvent 
can't be filtered or settled out on standing 
can't scatter light

Question 7

alloy

Answer 7

solid dissolved in a metallic solid

ex. brass(zinc in copper)

Question 8

colloid

Answer 8

heterogeneous mixture 
can't be separated by filtration 
can't settle out on standing
can scatter light 
ex. jello, fog, whipped cream

Question 9

suspension

Answer 9

can be separated by filtration
settles out on standing
can’t scatter light
ex. chocolate, orange juice w/ pulp, snow globe

Question 10

particle size

smallest to largest

Answer 10

smallest- solution(solute) smaller than light waves
medium- colloid bigger than light waves but too small to see
largest- suspension(big enough to see)

Question 11

mixture

Answer 11

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
keep their physical characteristics
can be separated by physical means(changes)
2 types: heterogeneous and homogeneous

Question 12

substance

Answer 12

matter that cannot be separated by physical changes

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
can be broken down by chemical means(reactions)
has a definite ratio of components
ex. CO2, H20

Question 14

element

Answer 14

a pure substance that cannot be broken by physical or chemical means(reactions)
ex. Na, Au, Ge

Question 15

Tyndall effect

Answer 15

scattering of light by a colloid

Question 16

matter

Answer 16

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 17

molecule

Answer 17

the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of that substance
held together by covalent bonds

Question 18

acid

Answer 18

any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water (hydronium is greater than hydroxide)
sour taste
not slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
pH < 7
corrosive

Question 19

base

Answer 19

any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-), when dissolved in water (hydroxide is greater than hydronium)
bitter taste
has slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
doesn’t react with metals
pH > 7
corrosive

Question 20

neutralization

Answer 20

the reactions between an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt

Question 21

neutral

Answer 21

pH=7

Question 22

electrolyte

Answer 22

a substance that dissolves in water to produce ions

Question 23

salt

Answer 23

the cation of a base plus the anion of an acid

Question 24

self-ionization of water truth

convenient lie

Answer 24

H2O+H2O – H3O+ + OH- / water + water – hydronium + hydroxide
H2O – H+ + OH- / water – hydrogen + hydroxide
H3O+ = hydronium ion
OH- = hydroxide ion
H+ = hydrogen ion

Question 25

indicator

Answer 25

a molecule that changes color at a specific pH

Question 26

pH

Answer 26

a measure of the hydronium ion concentration in the solution

Question 27

how strong or weak a solution is depends on __

Answer 27

hydronium ion concentration

Question 28

strong acid:

weak acid:

Answer 28

all of the molecules of an acid break apart
ex. hydrochloric acid
only a few molecules of an acid break apart
ex. citric acid

Question 29

strong base:

weak base:

Answer 29

all molecules break apart to produce hydroxide ions
ex. sodium hydroxide
only a few molecules break apart
ex. ammonium hydroxide

Question 30

increases solubility of a gas

Answer 30

decreasing the temperature of the liquid

ex. when coke is left out in the sun

Question 31

increases the solubility of a solid

Answer 31

mixing
heating
crushing
ex. crystal lite

Question 32

concentrated

Answer 32

a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

contains a large amount of solute

Question 33

dilute

Answer 33

when a solution contains a small amount of solute

Question 34

pH and concentration are..

Answer 34

inversely related

Question 35

ionic compound

Answer 35

compounds that contain ionic bonds
brittle
have high melting points
highly soluble and can conduct electric current

Question 36

covalent compound

Answer 36

a chemical compound formed by the sharing of electrons
low solubility
low melting points
some solutions conduct electric current