Chapters 4 & Chapter 15, Sections 2&3: Classify Matter Flashcards

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0
Q

filtration

A

process that separates a mixture based on size of the particles

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1
Q

distillation

A

process that separates a mixture based on boiling points of the components

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2
Q

magnet

A

can be used to separate a mixture of the elements iron and aluminum
iron, cobalt, and nickel are attracted to magnet

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3
Q

centrifuge

A

separates mixtures by the densities of the components

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4
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

not uniformly mixed
you can see different parts
2 kinds: suspension and colloid
when broken breaks into pieces

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5
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

uniformly mixed

same as solution

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6
Q

solution

A
homogeneous mixture 
smaller part: solute 
largest part: solvent 
can't be filtered or settled out on standing 
can't scatter light
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7
Q

alloy

A

solid dissolved in a metallic solid

ex. brass(zinc in copper)

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8
Q

colloid

A
heterogeneous mixture 
can't be separated by filtration 
can't settle out on standing
can scatter light 
ex. jello, fog, whipped cream
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9
Q

suspension

A

can be separated by filtration
settles out on standing
can’t scatter light
ex. chocolate, orange juice w/ pulp, snow globe

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10
Q

particle size

smallest to largest

A

smallest- solution(solute) smaller than light waves
medium- colloid bigger than light waves but too small to see
largest- suspension(big enough to see)

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11
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
keep their physical characteristics
can be separated by physical means(changes)
2 types: heterogeneous and homogeneous

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12
Q

substance

A

matter that cannot be separated by physical changes

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13
Q

compound

A

a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
can be broken down by chemical means(reactions)
has a definite ratio of components
ex. CO2, H20

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14
Q

element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken by physical or chemical means(reactions)
ex. Na, Au, Ge

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15
Q

Tyndall effect

A

scattering of light by a colloid

16
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

17
Q

molecule

A

the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of that substance
held together by covalent bonds

18
Q

acid

A

any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water (hydronium is greater than hydroxide)
sour taste
not slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
pH < 7
corrosive

19
Q

base

A

any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-), when dissolved in water (hydroxide is greater than hydronium)
bitter taste
has slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
doesn’t react with metals
pH > 7
corrosive

20
Q

neutralization

A

the reactions between an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt

21
Q

neutral

A

pH=7

22
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that dissolves in water to produce ions

23
Q

salt

A

the cation of a base plus the anion of an acid

24
Q

self-ionization of water truth

convenient lie

A

H2O+H2O – H3O+ + OH- / water + water – hydronium + hydroxide
H2O – H+ + OH- / water – hydrogen + hydroxide
H3O+ = hydronium ion
OH- = hydroxide ion
H+ = hydrogen ion

25
Q

indicator

A

a molecule that changes color at a specific pH

26
Q

pH

A

a measure of the hydronium ion concentration in the solution

27
Q

how strong or weak a solution is depends on __

A

hydronium ion concentration

28
Q

strong acid:

weak acid:

A

all of the molecules of an acid break apart
ex. hydrochloric acid
only a few molecules of an acid break apart
ex. citric acid

29
Q

strong base:

weak base:

A

all molecules break apart to produce hydroxide ions
ex. sodium hydroxide
only a few molecules break apart
ex. ammonium hydroxide

30
Q

increases solubility of a gas

A

decreasing the temperature of the liquid

ex. when coke is left out in the sun

31
Q

increases the solubility of a solid

A

mixing
heating
crushing
ex. crystal lite

32
Q

concentrated

A

a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

contains a large amount of solute

33
Q

dilute

A

when a solution contains a small amount of solute

34
Q

pH and concentration are..

A

inversely related

35
Q

ionic compound

A

compounds that contain ionic bonds
brittle
have high melting points
highly soluble and can conduct electric current

36
Q

covalent compound

A

a chemical compound formed by the sharing of electrons
low solubility
low melting points
some solutions conduct electric current