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Science > Chapters 11&12: Atomic Theory and The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chapters 11&12: Atomic Theory and The Periodic Table Flashcards

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0
Q

Electrons

A

the negatively charged particles in an atom

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1
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle in which an element can be divided and still be the same substance

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2
Q

Protons

A

the positively charged particles in the nucleus

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3
Q

Neutrons

A

the particles of the nucleus that have no charge

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

the center of the atom that is a tiny, extremely dense, positively charged part of the nucleus

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5
Q

Electron cloud

A

region in the atom where electrons are likely to be found

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6
Q

Atomic mass unit (amu)

A

the SI unit used to express the masses of particles in atoms

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7
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons (or electrons) in an atom
determines the identity of an element
every element has a unique atomic number

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8
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms that have the same number of protons but have different number of neutrons

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9
Q

Mass number

A

the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

the weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes

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11
Q

Periodic

A

happening at regular intervals

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12
Q

Periodic Law

A

the chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat periodically when the elements are lined up by their atomic numbers

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13
Q

Metals

A 
shiny
ductile- drawn into thin wires
good conductors of electric current
malleable- can be flattened with a hammer
good conductors of thermal energy
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14
Q

Metals (Periodic Table)

A

left of the zigzag line

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15
Q

Nonmetals

A 
not malleable or ductile
not shiny 
poor conductors of thermal energy and electric current
(opposite of metal)
brittle
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16
Q

Nonmetals (Periodic Table)

A

right of the zigzag line

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17
Q

Metalloids (semiconductors)

A

shiny
brittle- easily smashed
hard but brittle
good conductor of electric current

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18
Q

Metalloids (Periodic Table)

A

border the zigzag line

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19
Q

Period/Series

A

horizontal row of elements on the periodic table

same number if principle energy levels

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20
Q

Group/Family

A

vertical column of elements on the periodic table

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21
Q

Energy levels

A

a layer of electrons

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22
Q

Farther from nucleus= ______
nearest= ___ energy level; ___ energy
farther out= ____ energy level; _____ energy

A

more energy
1st; most energy
2nd; less energy

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23
Q

Valence electron

A

electron on the outermost or highest energy level

24
Q

Ion

A

an atom or group of atoms with a net(sum) positive or negative charge, depends on gaining or losing electrons

25
Q

Cation

A

positive ion, more protons than electrons so had to lose some electrons

26
Q

Anion

A

negative ion, more electrons than protons so had to gain electrons

27
Q

Octet rule

A

atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire the electron structure of the nearest noble gas (18th column)

28
Q

Alkali

A 
the first group in the periodic table
lose 1 electron
ion: 1+
has 1 electron in its outermost energy level 
most reactive metals
29
Q

Alkaline earth

A

the second group in the periodic table
lose 2 electrons
ion: 2+

30
Q

Transition elements

A

groups 3-12 in the periodic table

31
Q

Halogens

A

the seventeenth group in the periodic table
gain 1 electron
ion: 1-

32
Q

Noble gases (periodic table)

A

the eighteenth group in the periodic table
doesn’t gain, share, or lose electrons (octet present)
full set of electrons in its outermost energy level
unreactive elements

33
Q

Inner transition elements

A

Both rows on the bottom of the periodic table

34
Q

Rare earth elements

A

1st row of the blocks on the bottom of the periodic table

35
Q

Solid

A

the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

36
Q

Liquid

A

the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

37
Q

Gas

A

the state of matter does not have a definite volume or shape

38
Q

Luster

A

when a substance is shiny

39
Q

Conductor

A

when a substance conducts heat or electricity well

40
Q

Insulator

A

when a substance does not conduct heat or electricity well

41
Q

Ductile

A

when a substance can be drawn or extruded into a wire

42
Q

Malleable

A

when a substance can be rolled or pounded into thin sheets

43
Q

Brittle

A

when a substance breaks, it crumbles

44
Q

Noble gases

A

colorless
odorless
gases

45
Q

Group 13

A

lose 3 electrons

3+

46
Q

Group 14

A

share electrons only

47
Q

Group 15

A

gain 3 electrons or share

3-

48
Q

Group 16

A

gain 2 electrons or share

2-

49
Q

Group 17

A

gain 1 electron or share

1-

50
Q

Monotomic ions

A

ions made from one atom

51
Q

Nonmetals (list elements)

A 
nitrogen (N)     sulfur (S)
oxygen (O)      selenium (Se)
fluorine (Fl)      bromine (Br)
phosphorus (P)   iodine (I)
chloride (Cl)
52
Q

Metalloids (list elements)

A

boron (B) arsenic (As)
aluminum (Al) antimony (Sb)
silicon (Si) tellurium (Te)
germanium (Ge) polonium (Po)

53
Q

Cation (rule for naming)

A

(metals)
take the name of the parent atom (same name)
ex. aluminum

54
Q

Anions (rule for naming)

A

(nonmetals)
change the name of the parent atom to “ide”
ex. nitride

55
Q

Anion names

A 
nitride   sulfide 
oxide    selenide
fluoride bromide
phosphide  iodide 
chloride
56
Q

Atomic mass equation

A

( # of element x % of element) =
( # of element x % of element) =______add together
__ amu

57
Q

Mendeleev’s periodic table

A

allowed for the prediction of the properties of the missing elements

Science (6 decks)

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