Chapter 14: Reactions Flashcards
reactant
the starting substance or molecule in a chemical reaction
Law of Conservation of Matter
the law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
product
the substance that forms in a chemical reaction
precipitate
solid forms as a result of a chemical reaction and leaves the solution
endothermic
process where energy is absorbed
requires heat
exothermic
process where heat is released
decomposition reaction
a reaction in where a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
one compound-2 or more substances
AX-A+X
double replacement reaction
a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or molecular compound forms from the exchange of ions between two compounds
two compounds-two different compounds
AX+BY-AY+BX
single replacement reaction
a reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound
an element and a compound-a different element and compound
A+BX-B+AX(cation replacement), or Y+BX-X+BY(anion replacement)
synthesis reaction
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
A+X-AX
combustion
substance+oxygen-oxides,light,heat
indicators of reaction
change in state: color fizzing dissolving etc.
chemical equation
uses chemical symbols and formulas as shortcuts to describe a chemical reaction
NaCl(s)-
O2(g)-
H20(l)
NaCl(aq)
NaCl(s)- solid, table salt in a shaker
O2(g)- gas
H20(l)- liquid
NaCl(aq)- dissolved in water, salt dissolved in water
in a chemical reaction,
atoms can be separated, joined, or rearranged
How to balance an equation (4 steps)
- make a list of the elements on the reactant side
- make same list on the product side
- count the number of atoms of each element on each side
- multiply (x coefficient) to get the same number and kind of atoms on each side
law of conservation of energy
states that the energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms and can be transferred from one object to the other
chemical reaction=
chemical change
