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AP US History > Chapters 36-37 > Flashcards

Chapters 36-37 Flashcards

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1
Q

Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring mainly

A

a return to the Depression

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2
Q

The U.S. believed that it was desirable to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because

A

The Soviets could help control the Chinese communists

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3
Q

The growth of organized labor in the post-World War II era was slowed by all of the following except

A

the reduced number of women in the work force

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4
Q

Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because

A

Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people

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5
Q

The huge “baby boom” crested in the ________________ and has been declining ever since.

A

early 1950s

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6
Q

The United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in that they

A

had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced an ideological “missionary” foreign policy

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7
Q

The Marshall Plan succeeded in reviving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal Communist parties threatening to take over

A

Italy and France

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8
Q

President Truman’s domestic legislative plan was dubbed the

A

Fair Deal

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9
Q

The United States’ participation in NATO

A

marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.

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10
Q

In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond because

A

President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights

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11
Q

The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to

A

control atomic energy, especially in the manufacture of weapons

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12
Q

America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally

A

expansionist but cautious.

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13
Q

NSC-68 called for

A

a massive increase in military spending.

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14
Q

American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country except

A

Reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.

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15
Q

President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for

A

substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.

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16
Q

Before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944, Harry S. Truman had served all of the following except

A

secretary of the navy.

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17
Q

The victorious World War II Allies quickly agreed that

A

Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.

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18
Q

One sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility
placed on American families was the

A

popularity of advice books on child-rearing.

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19
Q

Which of the following was not true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?

A

it joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.

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20
Q

Postwar Japan

A

had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany.

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21
Q

Which of the following did not contribute to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America?

A

the environment crisis.

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22
Q

The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General

A

Douglas MacArthur.

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23
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by

A

outlawing “closed” (all-union) shops.

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24
Q

The dramatically reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era was accompanied by

A

spectacular gains in American agricultural productivity and food growing.

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25
Q

Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the

A

sunbelt

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26
Q

Unlike the failed League of Nations, the new United Nations

A

was established in a spirit of cooperation before the war’s actual end.

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27
Q

Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of

A

an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas.

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28
Q

The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of a communist takeover in

A

Greece and Turkey

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29
Q

In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the

A

Loyalty Review Board.

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30
Q

President Truman risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplies when he

A

recognized the new Jewish state of Israel.

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31
Q

Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of

A

containment

32
Q

One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was

A

a vast expansion of the homeowning middle class.

33
Q

Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to

A

support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.

34
Q

President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when

A

MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies.

35
Q

Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of

A

colossal military budgets.

36
Q

The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief

A

in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society.

37
Q

The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African American community after 1945 was especially generated by

A

the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II.

38
Q

Which of the following is least related to the other three?

A

Landrum-Griffith Act

39
Q

Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade ended when he

A

alleged that there were communists in the army.

40
Q

As a part of his “New Look” foreign policy, President Eisenhower

A

called for “open skies” over both the United States and the Soviet Union.

41
Q

In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953

A

staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator.

42
Q

The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of ____________________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.

A

the Middle East

43
Q

The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the

A

U-2 incident.

44
Q

Dwight Eisenhower’s policies toward Native Americans included

A

a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.

45
Q

In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

A

the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education.

46
Q

The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because

A

Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue

47
Q

In terms of politics, television did all of the following except

A

enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.

48
Q

By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all of the following except

A

provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.

49
Q

Which one of the following is least related to the other three?

A

Orval Faubus

50
Q

During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would ____________________ to help to end the Korean War.

A

personally go to Korea

51
Q

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

A

Iran and Guatemala.

52
Q

The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

A

his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.

53
Q

As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported

A

putting the brakes on military spending.

54
Q

In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower

A

allowed him to control personnel policy at the State Department.

55
Q

Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era

A

ended their lives through suicide.

56
Q

The title of Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man refers to

A

an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man.

57
Q

In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower

A

did nothing to help to defeat the communists.

58
Q

The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could

A

use its “oil weapon” to make foreign policy demands.

59
Q

The 1955 Geneva Conference

A

called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years.

60
Q

Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by

A

charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.

61
Q

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

A

declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.

62
Q

The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was

A

Ho Chi Minh.

63
Q

Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as

A

less realistic.

64
Q

When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,

A

he remained an extraordinarily popular figure.

65
Q

Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower’s vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to the

A

hard-line anticommunists.

66
Q

On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

A

had advised against integrating the armed forces.

67
Q

President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as

A

“dynamic conservatism.”

68
Q

The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt’s New Deal was

A

the interstate highway system

69
Q

Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?

A

there were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.

70
Q

The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems “inherently unequal” was

A

Brown v. Board of Education.

71
Q

President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign policy in the 1950s planned for

A

greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy.

72
Q

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except

A

appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

73
Q

Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the

A

one who most damaged free speech and fair play.

74
Q

In 1956 the United States condemned ____________________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

A

Britain and France

75
Q

During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of

A

the Social Security system.

76
Q

The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to

A

social harmony.

AP US History (18 decks)

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