Chapters 36-37 Flashcards
Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring mainly
a return to the Depression
The U.S. believed that it was desirable to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because
The Soviets could help control the Chinese communists
The growth of organized labor in the post-World War II era was slowed by all of the following except
the reduced number of women in the work force
Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because
Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people
The huge “baby boom” crested in the ________________ and has been declining ever since.
early 1950s
The United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in that they
had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced an ideological “missionary” foreign policy
The Marshall Plan succeeded in reviving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal Communist parties threatening to take over
Italy and France
President Truman’s domestic legislative plan was dubbed the
Fair Deal
The United States’ participation in NATO
marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.
In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond because
President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights
The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to
control atomic energy, especially in the manufacture of weapons
America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally
expansionist but cautious.
NSC-68 called for
a massive increase in military spending.
American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country except
Reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.
President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for
substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.
Before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944, Harry S. Truman had served all of the following except
secretary of the navy.
The victorious World War II Allies quickly agreed that
Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.
One sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility
placed on American families was the
popularity of advice books on child-rearing.
Which of the following was not true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?
it joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.
Postwar Japan
had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany.
Which of the following did not contribute to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America?
the environment crisis.
The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General
Douglas MacArthur.
The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by
outlawing “closed” (all-union) shops.
The dramatically reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era was accompanied by
spectacular gains in American agricultural productivity and food growing.
Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the
sunbelt
Unlike the failed League of Nations, the new United Nations
was established in a spirit of cooperation before the war’s actual end.
Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of
an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas.
The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of a communist takeover in
Greece and Turkey
In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the
Loyalty Review Board.
President Truman risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplies when he
recognized the new Jewish state of Israel.
Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of
containment
One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was
a vast expansion of the homeowning middle class.
Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to
support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.
President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when
MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies.
Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of
colossal military budgets.
The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief
in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society.
The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African American community after 1945 was especially generated by
the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II.
Which of the following is least related to the other three?
Landrum-Griffith Act
Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade ended when he
alleged that there were communists in the army.
As a part of his “New Look” foreign policy, President Eisenhower
called for “open skies” over both the United States and the Soviet Union.
In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953
staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator.
The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of ____________________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.
the Middle East
The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the
U-2 incident.
Dwight Eisenhower’s policies toward Native Americans included
a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.
In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,
the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education.
The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because
Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue
In terms of politics, television did all of the following except
enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all of the following except
provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.
Which one of the following is least related to the other three?
Orval Faubus
During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would ____________________ to help to end the Korean War.
personally go to Korea
During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both
Iran and Guatemala.
The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.
As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported
putting the brakes on military spending.
In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower
allowed him to control personnel policy at the State Department.
Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era
ended their lives through suicide.
The title of Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man refers to
an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man.
In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower
did nothing to help to defeat the communists.
The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could
use its “oil weapon” to make foreign policy demands.
The 1955 Geneva Conference
called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years.
Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by
charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.
In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court
declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.
The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was
Ho Chi Minh.
Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as
less realistic.
When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,
he remained an extraordinarily popular figure.
Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower’s vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to the
hard-line anticommunists.
On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower
had advised against integrating the armed forces.
President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as
“dynamic conservatism.”
The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt’s New Deal was
the interstate highway system
Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?
there were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.
The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems “inherently unequal” was
Brown v. Board of Education.
President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign policy in the 1950s planned for
greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy.
In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except
appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the
one who most damaged free speech and fair play.
In 1956 the United States condemned ____________________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.
Britain and France
During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of
the Social Security system.
The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to
social harmony.
