Chapter 23&24 Flashcards
Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader
William Jennings Bryan.
One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was
sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.
During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both Democratic and the Republican parties was
political patronage
President James A. Garfield was assassinated
by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.
Which of the following was not among the groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century?
Northern big cities
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South.
President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of
borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan’s banking syndicate.
The Credit Mobilier scandal involved
railroad construction kickbacks.
The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the mid-term Congressional elections of 1894 were the
Republicans
In religious and cultural terms, the Republicans appealed especially to groups that derived their views from the
Puritan tradition of strict moral codes and government regulation of morality and society.
President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because
the Democrats and Liberal Republicans chose the eccentric editor Horace Greenly as their candidate
The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to
take a competitive examination.
A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 were
the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear.
The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was
tariff policy
At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans using
all of these
As a solution to the depression that followed the panic of 1873, debtors strongly advocated
inflation through issuance of far more greenback paper currency.
Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist party in their convention in 1892?
government guarantees of parity prices for farmers
Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when
the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States congress
passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.
The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in
the white South and big-city immigrant machines.
The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on
the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
The conservative white Bourbon Democrats of the South largely succeeded in crushing the Populist revolt by
appealing to poor white farmers’ anti-black racial feelings against their economic interests.
The nation railroad strike of 1877 started when
the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.
In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters
that the Republican party had fought and won the Civil War.
The legal codes that established the system of segregation were
called Jim Crow laws.
With the passage of the Pendleton Act, prohibiting political contributions from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from
big corporations
New York’s notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of
New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.
Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he
had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.
The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began with
sharp class conflict and a national railroad strike.
The Billion-Dollar congress quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by
expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.
The Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872 was motivated primarily by
disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration.
Blacks who violated the Jim Crow laws or other elements of the South’s racial code were often subject to
lynching.
When he was president, Grover Cleveland’s strong belief in a laissez-faire approach to government gained the support of
business people.
In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
“separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.
Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in
the use of federal troops during strikes.
Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the
typewriter and the telephone
The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it
united the nation into a single, integrated national market
The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of
Henry Bessemer
America’s first billion-dollar corporation was
United States Steel
One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it
represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business
The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were
mining and agriculture
J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)
interlocking dictorate
The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies
by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers
In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company vs. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because
railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state
The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with
land grants and loans
Many southerners saw employment in the textile mills as
the only steady jobs and wages available
The first major product of the oil industry was
kerosene
Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by wealthy railroad barons?
forcing their employees to buy railroad company stock
The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward
mass manufacturing of standardized industrial products
Believers in the doctrine of “survival of the fittest,” like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that
the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor
One of the major reasons that the Knights of Labor failed was its
lack of class consciousness
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited
private corporations or organizations from engaging in “combinations in restraint of trade”
The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by
Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry
The United States changed to standard time zones when
the major rail line decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks
One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was
elimination of as much competition as possible
The ___ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments
seventeenth
The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the
Interstate Commerce Commission
The group whose lives were most dramatically altered by the new industrial age was
women
The largest southern-based monopolistic corporation was the one founded by James Duke to produce
cigarrettes
The people who found fault with the captains of industry mostly argued that these men
built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers
During the age of industrialization, the South
remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural
Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by
state legislatures
The image of the “Gibson Girl” represented a(n)
romantic ideal of the independent and athletic new woman
Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
pools
Most women workers of the 1890s worked for
economic necessity
The oil industry became a huge business
with the invention of the internal combustion engine
The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was
the railroad network
The “Gospel of Wealth” endorsed by Andrew Carnegie
held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money
