Chapters 35, 36 Flashcards
What are two classes of antihistamines?
H1 and H2
What are the main differenes amongst local and systemic nasal congestants?
systemic decongestants can elicit an effect in every body system. whereas local will not
Who should not receive dextromethorphan
patients who have vey thick secretions with a weak cough - this can lead the patient to developing pneumonia from retained secretions. Additionally, think of patients where coughing can have negative outcomes like recent surgery
Is chronic bronchitis reversible
typically not
Which med works by inhibiting the response of M-3 receptors?
tiotroprium
Which dietary instructions will you provide to your patient taking aminophylline-theophylline
there is an interaction between xanthines, so you need to avoid xanthine products in addition to coffee, tea, and soda
What occurs when H1 receptors are stimulated?
constriction of extravascular smooth muscle and lining of nasal cavity
How do nasal decongestants work?
they stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors to cause vascular constriction of capillaries, and a shrinkage in mucosa
what does the term expectorate mean?
to cough
What makes restrictive lung disease different
decreased total lung capacity due to los of elasticity
What class of drug is tiotropoium
anticholinergic
How do leukotriene receptor antagonists work?
binds with leukotriene receptors to inhibit smooth muscle contraction and bronchoconstriction
What occurs when H2 receptors are stimulated?
increase in gastric secretions
What makes intranasal glucocorticoids different from nasal decongestants?
they also have anti-inflammatory properties
what purpose to expectorants serve?
loosen bronchial secretions which are eliminated by coughing
how do sympathomimetics work for patients with bronchoconstriction
increased production of cAMP, which causes bronchial dilation
for a ptaient taking tiotropium, what effects do you need to educate them to anticipate?
your anticholinergic effects of: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t sh…defecate.
what is the serum range for theophylline
5-15 mcg/ml
what is the main difference between first and second generation antihistamines?
first generation can cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and anticholinergic symptoms
pulling from the knowledge of edocrine, what can intranasal glucocorticoids also do?
increase your blood sugar and immunosupression
what is the best natural expectorant?
fluids! recommend the patient to increase their water intake if not contraindicated
What is different about metaproterenol than albuterol
metaproterenol is used for long term asthma treatment
what is the main difference in tiotropoim than additional agents
this is for maintenance, and not acute attacks. imperative to educate the patietn in the difference so they don’t use the wrong drug during an acute attack
which meds will you tell your patient to avoid while taking montelukast?
aspirin and NSAIDs, as they can block the action of montelukast
