Chapters 26 and 48 Flashcards
What are the mechanisms of antibacterial action?
- inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
- alteration of membrane permeability
- inhibition of protein synthesis
- inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
- interferenc ewith metabolism within the cell
define bacteriostatic
inhibition of bacterial growth
define bactericidal
killing of bacteria
what are the body defenses?
age, nutrition status, immunoglobulins, WBCs, organ function, and circulatory status
what happens when a bacteria is sensitive to a drug?
the pathogen is inhibited or destroyed
what happens if bacteria are resistant to a drug?
the pathogen will continue to grow
how would you determine the effect of an antibiotic on any specific organism
perform a culture and sensitivity to determine antibiotic susceptibility
what are the three major adverse reactions associated with administration of antibiotics
- allergy or hypersensitivity
- superinfection
- organ toxicity
what is a superinfection?
secondary infection occurring when normal microbial flora of the body are disturbed during antibiotic therapy
- can occur in the mouth, intestines, respiratory tract, GU tract, skin
what does it mean if an antibiotic is narrow-spectrum?
effective against one type of organism
what does that mean if an antibiotic is broad-spectrum?
effective against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
what are the two serious adverse reactions that can occur with mycins (gentamycin)
oto- and nephro-toxicity
what side effect causes a patient to be itchy, hot, red, and blotchy after 30 minutes of administration of vancomycin
red man syndrome
symptoms of pain and burning upon urination is what possible diagnosis?
UTI
patient teaching for sulfonamides should include?
increase water intake
what technique determines what organism is causing a specific infection?
culture
what is a critical lab function to monitor in a patient with renal failure?
creatinine, gfr, bun
what is selective toxicity
the ability of an antimicrobial to suppress/kill a microbe without injury to the host cell
what are the two serious adverse reactions after administering gentamicin
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
what medication is used to treat symptoms of pain and burning with urination?
phenazopyridine
what education should be included when a patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics?
take full course. do not stop taking if you feel better.
beginning antibiotic treatment before the pathogen is definitively identified is what type of therapy?
empiric therapy
what is a critical lab to monitor in a patient with liver cirrhosis
AST/ALT
what is narrow spectrum?
antibiotic primarily effective against one type of organism
