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Pharmacology > Chapter 34, 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 34, 40 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of biological response modifiers

A

To enhance a person’s immune system

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2
Q

What are the different types of interferons?

A

Type I and II
Type I if IFN alpha and beta
Type II is IFN gamma

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3
Q

Do anticoagulants dissolve clots

A

No! They do not dissolve clots that are already formed, but acts prophylactically to prevent new thrombi from developing

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4
Q

What are colony-stimulating factors

A

Proteins that stimulate or regulate the growth, maturation, and differentiation

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5
Q

Can heparin be given PO

A

No - it does not digest well in GI mucosa and will be destroyed by heparinase - can only be administered parenterally (IV and subQ)

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6
Q

Why would someone with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) be treated with heparin even though it is a problem with bleeding

A

The heparin is necessary to prevent addition clots from developing

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7
Q

What are the three functions of biological response modifiers

A
  1. Enhance host immunologic function
  2. Destroy or interfere with tumor activities
  3. Promote differentiation of stem cells
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8
Q

Name an important absolute contraindication for filgrastim

A

Cannot take 24 hours before or after chemo

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9
Q

Which organ is responsible for heparin

A

Liver

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10
Q

What are contraindications for low molecular weight heparins

A

Strokes, peptic ulcers, blood abnormalities, eye, brain, and/or spinal surgery

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11
Q

What are additional items you can administer to a patient who is bleeding

A

Fresh frozen plasma, red blood cells, platelets

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12
Q

What do low platelets cause

A

Thrombocytopenia- bleeding

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13
Q

What is erythropoietin

A

Stimulates RBC production in response to hypoxia; produced by the kidneys

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14
Q

What does the term thrombosis refer to

A

Formation of a clot in arterial or venous vessels

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15
Q

What are the therapeutic ranges for INR

A
  1. Normal INR: 1.3-2
  2. On warfarin: 2-3
  3. On warfarin with prosthetic valve: 2.5-4.5
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16
Q

Name important teaching points to include with your patient taking enoxparin

A
  1. How to administer injections
  2. Monitor signs and symptoms of bleeding
  3. Do not take antiplatelet drugs - avoid aspirin
17
Q

How do low molecular weight heparins work

A

Inactivating factor Xa

18
Q

When should a patient with cancer take erythropoietin

A

Treatment is begun when the Hemoglobin is <10g/dl

19
Q

Which drug works by increasing the production of neutrophils, and enhances phagocytosis

A

Filgrastim

20
Q

Is bruising a normal side effect of enoxaparin

A

Yes - it does cause bruising on the skin

21
Q

How does warfarin work

A

Depresses hepatic synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X

22
Q

What is the most concerning adverse reaction for warfarin

A

Hemorrhage

23
Q

Name important patient education points for a patient on warfarin

A
  1. Need to decrease diet in vitamin K
  2. Limit intake of alcohol
  3. Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding
  4. Use a soft bristle toothbrush and electric razor
24
Q

What are risks associated with erythropoietin

A

Risk of death and cardiovascular events if Hgb >12g/dl

25
Q

Name three recommendations to provide to your patient taking erythropoietin

A
  1. Need to take iron supplements
  2. Monitor for blood loss
  3. Use aseptic technique when injecting yourself
26
Q

Which foods/drink are high in vitamin K, and need to be avoided while on warfarin

A

Dark leafy greens, broccoli, legumes, coffee, tea, cola, excessive alcohol

27
Q

Which drug works by inhibiting platelet aggregation

A

Clopidogrel bisulfate

28
Q

This drug promotes conversation of plasminogen to plasmin

A

Alteplase

29
Q

What is the highest risk with alteplase

A

Risk of bleeding/hemorrhage is very high

30
Q

What is the antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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