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Pharmacology > Chapters 22, and 23 > Flashcards

Chapters 22, and 23 Flashcards

1
Q

anxiolytics are classified as

A

anti anxiety or sedative hypnotics

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2
Q

this atypical antipsychotic is useful in treating negative symptoms and interferes with binding of dopamine to dopamine 2 and serotonin receptors

A

aripiprazole (Abilify)

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3
Q

Why are atypical antipsychotics prescribed more frequently?

A

less risk of EPS symptoms

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4
Q

Which receptors do antipsychotics block

A

dopaminergic

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5
Q

if antipsychotics block dopamine, what effects can you anticipate?

A

EPS like symptoms

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6
Q

how does dystonia present

A

muscle spasms of face, tongue, neck, and back, facial grimacing, abnormal or involuntary upward eye movement, laryngeal spasms

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7
Q

how does akathisia present

A

trouble standing still, restless, pacing floor in constant motion

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8
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia

A

chewing motion, protrusion/rolling of tongue, smacking lip movements, involuntary movements of upper extremities

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9
Q

what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

potentially fatal condition associated with use of antipsychotics presents as: high fever, altered mental status, tachycardia, blood pressure fluctuation

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10
Q

this drug causes more EPs symptoms than other phenothiazines and can cause urinary retention and dry mouth

A

fluphenazine (Prolixin)

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11
Q

this butyrophenone alters the effects of dopamine on the CNS and is used commonly in management of psychoses, Tourette’s and dementia in older adults

A

haloperidol (Haldol)

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12
Q

what must you observe for with the use of Haldol

A

EPS and NMS

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13
Q

what is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil (Romazicon)

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14
Q

what is the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants

A

TCAs - tricyclic antidepressants

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15
Q

when is the best time to take an antidepressant

A

at night - to reduce sedative effects

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16
Q

what is a very important teaching point with MAO-Is

A

dietary restrictions: no foods containing tyramine including: cheese, creams, yogurt, chocolate, coffee, bananas, raisins, green beans, liver, pickled foods, sausage, soy, yeast, beer, and red wine

17
Q

what is an important teaching point if your patient is on a MAO-I and will be starting a tricyclic antidepressant

A

must stop MAO-I for 14 days

18
Q

what are your therapeutic levels for lithium

A

therapeutic: 0.8-1.2 mEq/L toxicity presents >1.5

19
Q

if your patient is on lithium, do we want to promote fluid or restrict fluid

A

promote - prevents dehydration and elevating lithium levels

20
Q

what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

exaggeration of normal function, incoherent speech, hallucinations, delusions, paranoia

21
Q

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

decrease or loss of function or motivation, poor self-care, social withdrawal with more persistent and chronic symptoms

22
Q

which antipsychotics are more helpful in managing positive symptoms

A

traditional or typical antipsychotics

23
Q

what can happen if you abruptly stop taking benzodiazepines, and how might your patient present

A

withdrawal
short-term: agitation, nervousness, insomnia, tremors, anorexia, muscle cramps, sweating
long-term: paranoia, delirium, panic, hypertension

24
Q

what is pseudparkinsonism

A
  1. resembles parkinson’s disease
  2. side effect of typical antipsychotics
  3. symptoms: rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, mask-like face, tremors at rest, stooped posture, pill-rolling motion of the hand
25
Q

which category of phenothiazines produce more EPS symptoms

A

piperazines

26
Q

this nonphenothiazine butyrophenone is utilized for acute psychoses, adhd, schizophrenia, tourette syndrome

A

haloperidol

27
Q

this category of phenothiazines produce a strong sedative effect, decreased blood pressure, and can cause moderate EPS effects

A

aliphatic

28
Q

which antipsychotics are useful in treating both the postive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

atypical antipsychotics

29
Q

what are atypical antipsychotics less likely to induce

A

symptoms of EPS including tardive dyskinesia

30
Q

what is the preferred class of drugs to treat depression

A

they are effective, and cheaper than SSRIs

31
Q

what are the patients taking TCAs at high risk for

A

cardiotoxicity

32
Q

this drug causes an increase in serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking nerve fibers to treat depression

A

venlafaxine (Effexor) (SNRI)

33
Q

this drug can cause a metallic taste

A

lithium

34
Q

what are the varying uses for benzodiazepines

A

anticonvulsants, sedative-hypnotics, preoperative drugs, substance abuse withdrawal agents, anxiety

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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