Chapters 27-29

Question 1

What is the first drug demonstrating effectiveness against the tubercle bacillus?

Answer 1

Isoniazid

Question 2

If a person is diagnosed with tb, do family members have to do anything?

Answer 2

Yes! They must be assessed, have a tb test, and maybe prescribed prophylactic doses of isoniazid for 6 months to a year.

Question 3

A pt will be deemed non infectious under which circumstances for tb?

Answer 3

1. Three consecutive negative AFB sputum smears collected in 8-24 hours.
2. Compliant with treatment regimen for >2 weeks
3. Improvement in clinical manifestations (signs/symptoms)

Question 4

What is the priority lab/s to check for your patient prescribed isoniazid?

Answer 4

Liver function - contraindicated for impaired liver function

Question 5

Are there special instructions to provide to your patient on isoniazid?

Answer 5

Yes! Take your dose 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals as good can impair the absorption

Question 6

What I s the drug of choice for pt with a severe systemic fungal infection?

Answer 6

Amphotericin B

Question 7

What are the special precautions for a pt taking amphotericin B?

Answer 7

1. Assessing renal function including creatinine, BUN, GFR, and urine output.
2. Assess electrolytes closely due to serious risk of hypo kale Mia and hypomagnesemia

Question 8

This drug works by binding to sterols leading to loss of intracellular potassium and cellular contents.

Answer 8

Nystatin

Question 9

Can taking Tamiflu replace someone getting their flu shot?

Answer 9

No! You still need your influenza vaccine

Question 10

This purine nucleoside is effective with interfering with the temps of viral DNA synthesis

Answer 10

Acyclovir sodium

Question 11

This drug works by increasing the pH in the parasite to inhibit parasitic growth

Answer 11

Chloroquine phosphate

Question 12

This drug works by treating various disorders associated with organisms in the GI tract by impairing the DNA function of the susceptible bacteria

Answer 12

Metronidazole

Question 13

While taking this drug, you must avoid alcohol and alcohol-containing medications due to a disulfiram reaction

Answer 13

Metronidazole

Question 14

What is a normal CD4 count?

Answer 14

800-1200 cells/mm3

Question 15

At what point would a pt be diagnosed with AIDS?

Answer 15

If blood work demonstrates cd4 count <200 cells/mm3 or <14% of lymphocytes.

Question 16

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 16

Intimate contact with blood,semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk

Question 17

This drug works b y inhibiting viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

Answer 17

Zidovudine

Question 18

This drug works by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity

Answer 18

Efavirenz

Question 19

This drug works by inhibiting HIV protease, rendering enzyme incapable of processing poly-protease precursors

Answer 19

Atazanavir

Question 20

What is one of the highest causes for non-compliance with HAART therapy?

Answer 20

Cost and complexity of drug regimen. Due to high expenses, it can be challenging to pay for the medications needed.

Question 21

Why is pt education on compliance so important

Answer 21

Non-compliance can result in HIV viral replication and drug resistance .

Question 22

What is the leading cause of death in AIDS patients?

Answer 22

Opportunistic infections

Question 23

Can pregnant mothers take HAART?

Answer 23

Absolutely! Goal is to continue therapy to ensure low risk of transmission to the fetus.

Question 24

What happens if there is an occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS?

Answer 24

The healthcare worker must immediately be initiated on antiretroviral therapy and will require a 4-week treatment window.

Question 25

What is paradoxical iris?

Answer 25

Exacerbation of treated opportunistic infections

Question 26

What is the drug choice for HIV during pregnancy?

Answer 26

Zidovudine

Question 27

Is antiretroviral therapy curative?

Answer 27

Unfortunately not - but this can expense someone’s life expectancy and improve quality of life

Question 28

Why is taking b6 in conjunction with isoniazid important

Answer 28

To reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy

Question 29

Is urine discoloration expected with metronidazole?

Answer 29

Yes! If this occurs, the patient shouldn’t worry

Question 30

Name HSV 1-5

Answer 30

1. HSV-1: herpes simplex virus
2. HSV-2: herpes simplex virus
3. HSV-3: varicella zoster virus
4. HSV-4: epstein-Barr
5. HSV-5: cytomegalovirus