Chapters 27-29 Flashcards
What is the first drug demonstrating effectiveness against the tubercle bacillus?
Isoniazid
If a person is diagnosed with tb, do family members have to do anything?
Yes! They must be assessed, have a tb test, and maybe prescribed prophylactic doses of isoniazid for 6 months to a year.
A pt will be deemed non infectious under which circumstances for tb?
- Three consecutive negative AFB sputum smears collected in 8-24 hours.
- Compliant with treatment regimen for >2 weeks
- Improvement in clinical manifestations (signs/symptoms)
What is the priority lab/s to check for your patient prescribed isoniazid?
Liver function - contraindicated for impaired liver function
Are there special instructions to provide to your patient on isoniazid?
Yes! Take your dose 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals as good can impair the absorption
What I s the drug of choice for pt with a severe systemic fungal infection?
Amphotericin B
What are the special precautions for a pt taking amphotericin B?
- Assessing renal function including creatinine, BUN, GFR, and urine output.
- Assess electrolytes closely due to serious risk of hypo kale Mia and hypomagnesemia
This drug works by binding to sterols leading to loss of intracellular potassium and cellular contents.
Nystatin
Can taking Tamiflu replace someone getting their flu shot?
No! You still need your influenza vaccine
This purine nucleoside is effective with interfering with the temps of viral DNA synthesis
Acyclovir sodium
This drug works by increasing the pH in the parasite to inhibit parasitic growth
Chloroquine phosphate
This drug works by treating various disorders associated with organisms in the GI tract by impairing the DNA function of the susceptible bacteria
Metronidazole
While taking this drug, you must avoid alcohol and alcohol-containing medications due to a disulfiram reaction
Metronidazole
What is a normal CD4 count?
800-1200 cells/mm3
At what point would a pt be diagnosed with AIDS?
If blood work demonstrates cd4 count <200 cells/mm3 or <14% of lymphocytes.
How is HIV transmitted?
Intimate contact with blood,semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk
This drug works b y inhibiting viral enzyme reverse transcriptase
Zidovudine
This drug works by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
Efavirenz
This drug works by inhibiting HIV protease, rendering enzyme incapable of processing poly-protease precursors
Atazanavir
What is one of the highest causes for non-compliance with HAART therapy?
Cost and complexity of drug regimen. Due to high expenses, it can be challenging to pay for the medications needed.
Why is pt education on compliance so important
Non-compliance can result in HIV viral replication and drug resistance .
What is the leading cause of death in AIDS patients?
Opportunistic infections
Can pregnant mothers take HAART?
Absolutely! Goal is to continue therapy to ensure low risk of transmission to the fetus.
What happens if there is an occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS?
The healthcare worker must immediately be initiated on antiretroviral therapy and will require a 4-week treatment window.
