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World Geography > Chapters 3-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 3-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

As the Earth revolves around the Sun what angle is it tilted at in relation to the sun

A

23.5° angle

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2
Q

How does Earth’s Tilt affect seasons and weather

A

Because of the Earth’s revolution and it’s still different parts of the earth received the direct rays of sun for more hours of the day at certain times of the year

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3
Q

What marks the points farthest north and south that the sun rays shine directly overhead at noon

A

The two lines of latitude the Tropic tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

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4
Q

What is solstice

A

The day when the sun’s Ray shine directly overhead at noon

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5
Q

In the northern hemisphere what is the longest state of the year

A

The summer solstice or the beginning of Summer

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6
Q

In the northern hemisphere what is the shortest day

A

The winter solstice which marks the beginning of winter

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7
Q

Twice a year the days and nights all over the world are equal in length and mark the beginning of Spring and Autumn

A

Equinox

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8
Q

What is weather

A

The condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time

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9
Q

What is climate

A

Weather conditions at a particular location over a long period of time

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10
Q

What causes the weather

A

Water vapor, cloud cover, landforms and bodies of water, elevation, air movement

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11
Q

Landforms and bodies of water

A

Water heat slowly but also loses heat slowly land Heats rapidly but loses heat quickly as well

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12
Q

Elevation

A

As elevation above sea level increases air becomes thinner and loses its ability to hold moisture

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13
Q

Air movement

A

When’s movie air and the solar energy and moisture that holds as a result what they can change very rapidly

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14
Q

Orographic precipitation

A

Falls on the windward side of Hills or mountains that block moist air and force it up where the air cools and rain or snow falls the lands on the leeward side is called a rain shadow because it gets little range from descending dry air

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15
Q

Conventional precipitation

A

Occurs in hot moist climates where the sun quickly heats the air that heated air rises and by afternoon clouds form and rainfalls

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16
Q

Frontal precipitation

A

A front is a boundary between two air masses of different temperatures or density brain or snow occurs when lighter warm air is push upward by the colder than their air the rising air cools water vapor condenses and precipitation Falls

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17
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat in the atmosphere by upward motion of the air

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18
Q

Global wind patterns

A

Hot air flows toward the poles and the cold air moves toward the equator

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19
Q

Ocean currents

A

Warm water flows away from the equator towards the poles and the cold water flows back toward the equator

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20
Q

Three zones of latitude

A

Low or tropical, middle or temperate, and high or polar

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21
Q

Tropical zones

A

Found on either side of the Equator extend to the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere hot all year long

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22
Q

High latitude zones

A

Encircle the North and South Pole, cold all year

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23
Q

Altitude

A

As altitude increases the air temperature drops gets colder

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24
Q

El Nino abnormal

A

Dry air descendants and droughts occur in Australia and Asia, warm water moves eastward, producing rain and flooding in parts of North and South America

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25
Q

La Nina normal

A

Dry air descends and droughts occur in North and South America, warm water moves westward, producing rain and flooding in Australia and Asia

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26
Q

Topsoil

A

World’s food supply depends on the top six inches of soil

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27
Q

Ecosystem

A

An interdependent community of plants and animals

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28
Q

Broadleaf (Deciduous) trees

A

Maple Oak Birch and Cottonwood

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29
Q

Needleleaf (Conniferous) trees

A

Cone bearing trees such as pine, fur, and Cedar

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30
Q

What is culture

A

The total knowledge attitudes and behavior shared by and passed on by members of a specific group

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31
Q

What is a society

A

A group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture

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32
Q

What is an ethnic group

A

A group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage

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33
Q

What is innovation

A

Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need

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34
Q

What is the diffusion

A

The spread of ideas, intentions, or patterns of behavior

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35
Q

What is a cultural hearth

A

A site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and Technology diffuse too many cultures

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36
Q

What is acculturation

A

When a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

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37
Q

Language

A

3000 to 6500 languages are spoken across the world today

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38
Q

What is a dialect

A

Changes in speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes

39
Q

What is religion

A

Belief in Supernatural powers or in an ultimate Reality

40
Q

What is monotheistic

A

Belief in one God

41
Q

What is polytheistic

A

Belief in many gods

42
Q

What is animistic or traditional

A

Belief in Divine forces in nature

43
Q

Judaism

A

Israel, jews, tora, yahweh, 3200 years old

44
Q

Christianity

A

Jesus, 2000 years old, largest, Roman catholic, protestant, Eastern Orthodox

45
Q

Islam

A

Muhammad, 1400 years old, shites, sunnis, allen, muslims, quran, Jihan

46
Q

Hinduism

A

5,000 years old, indo-arians, case systems, Brahmin Divine Spirits with many reincarnations

47
Q

Buddhism

A

2,500 years old Indian year Nepal but a Nirvana living right

48
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births, 1,000 population

49
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of children a women of childbearing years would have in her lifetime if she could have children at the current rate for her country 2.1 fertility would be necessary for replacement of the current population

50
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of deaths, 1,000 per population

51
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths of infants under 1 year, 1,000 live births

52
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

Birth rate minus mortality rate

53
Q

Habitable lands

A

Almost 2/3 of the world’s population lives in the zone between 20 N degrees and 60 N degrees latitude

54
Q

Urban

A

Rural mix currently about half of the world’s population lives in rural area however the percentage is shrinking

55
Q

Population pyramid

A

Graphic device that show sex and age distribution of a population

56
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Number of organisms a piece of land can support

57
Q

What is a nation

A

A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity

58
Q

What is a state

A

An independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs

59
Q

Nation-state

A

When a nation and a state occupy the same territory

60
Q

Democracy

A

Citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives

61
Q

Monarchy

A

A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies

62
Q

Dictatorship

A

An individual or group holds complete political power

63
Q

Socialism

A

The government controls most of a country’s means of production and the distribution of goods and services. Other aspects of the economy are subject to Market forces

64
Q

Communism

A

Government owns and makes all decisions concerning the economy, holds all political power, and determines the distribution of goods and services

65
Q

Size political geography

A

Resources and people on which to build military and economic power

66
Q

National boundaries

A

Boundaries or border set the limits of the territory controlled by the state

67
Q

Boundaries

A

Natural- physical features of the land
Artificial- fixed line generally following latitude or longitude lines

68
Q

Urban geography

A

The study of how people use space in cities

69
Q

Central City

A

An urban area developed around a main city

70
Q

Suburbs

A

Built up area around the Central City which are political units

71
Q

Metropolitan area

A

The city, it’s suburbs, an excerpts linked together economically

72
Q

Megalopolis

A

When several metropolitan areas grow together

73
Q

Urbanization

A

The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in Lifestyles that result

74
Q

Central business district

A

Business, high value near CBD, farther away the lower the value of the land

75
Q

Economy

A

Consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people

76
Q

Traditional economy

A

Goods and services are traded without exchanging money also called BARTER

77
Q

Command economy

A

Production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production

78
Q

Market economy

A

Production of goods and services is determined by demand from consumers, also called demand economy or capitalism

79
Q

Mixed economy

A

Combination of command and muscle economy provide goods and services so that all people will benefit

80
Q

Primary level of economic activity

A

Gathering raw materials for immediate use or to use in the making of a final product

81
Q

Secondary activities

A

Involve adding value to materials by changing their form

82
Q

Tertiary activites

A

Involve providing business or professional services

83
Q

Quaternary activities

A

Provide information, management, and Research Services by highly trained people

84
Q

Natural resources

A

Materials on or in the Earth, become resources when society had tech/ability to transform those resources into goods

85
Q

Renewable resources

A

Resources that can be replaced in natural processes

86
Q

Non-renewable resources

A

Resources that cannot be replaced once they have been removed from the ground include metals, fossil fuels, basis of energy production

87
Q

An exhaustible energy resources

A

Resources which are used for producing power, are the result of solar or planetary processes and are unlimited in quantity. Example sunlight, geothermal heat,winds, tides

88
Q

Nations infrastructure

A

Consists of the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems

89
Q

Per capita income

A

Average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit

90
Q

Gross national product (GNP)

A

Total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a specified period of time

91
Q

Outsourcing

A

GNP May reflect the value of goods or services produced in one country by a company based in another country

92
Q

Outsourcing

A

GNP May reflect the value of goods or services produced in one country by a company based in another country

93
Q

Gross domestic products (GDP)

A

Total value of all goods and services produced WITHIN a country in a given period of time

World Geography (7 decks)

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