Chapters 27-31 Flashcards
_____ is the study of
- what body parts look like
- how big they are
- where they are located
- how they connect to other body parts
anatomy
_____ is the study of how the body parts work
physiology
The levels of organization that makes up each ____ are
- cells
- tissues
- organs
- organ system
organism
The basic unit of life, can only be seen with a microscope Capable of : -organization -metabolism -growth -reproduction
cells
_____ help the cell to make the energy it needs to stay alive and to rid itself of waste products
organelles
The organelles float in a jelly-like substance called _____
cytoplasm
The _____ of the cell is like the cells brain, it contains all the information the cell needs to do its job, grow, and reproduce
nucleus
A ______ surrounds the cytoplasm and gives the cell its shape
cell membrane
When cells that are similar in structure and specialized to perform a specific function join together, they form ____
tissue
There are ____ main types of tissue in the human body
four
_______ lines the inside of the blood vessels, the abdominal cavity, and the chest cavity
- the purpose is for protection, covers the outside of the body, lines its internal structures, forms glands
- covers the lungs and heart
epithelial tissue
______ forms the mucous membrane that line the
- digestive tract
- respiratory tract
- urinary tract
- reproductive tract
epithelial tissue
Connects other tissues together, supports and forms the framework for all of the body parts, example:
- bone
- cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
- fatty tissues
connective tissue
_____ is also considered a form of connective tissue
blood
3 types of muscle tissue :
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
Attaches to the bones and allows for movement of the various parts of the body
-voluntary
skeletal muscle
Found in the walls of the blood vessels, stomach, intestines, bladder, and other hollow organs
-involuntary
smooth muscle
Forms the heart, contraction and relaxation of this muscle pumps blood throughout the body
-involuntary
cardiac muscle
Conducts information, forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Allows one part of the body to talk to another part
-nerves carry information to the brain to be processed and interpreted
-the brain sends commands to other parts of the body through the nerves
nervous tissue
______ includes the skin, glands, hair, nails
-it protects the body
integumentary system
A group of tissues functioning together for a similar purpose form an _____
organ
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific body function for the body
organ system
Includes the bones
-function is to provide a frame for the body and give the body shape
skeletal system
Includes the muscles
-works along with the skeletal system to enable the body to move
muscular system
`Includes the lungs and airways
- allows for exchange of gases with the environment
- allows us to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism
respiratory system
Includes the blood, heart, blood vessels
- transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body
- carries waste products away from the cells
cardiovascular system
Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves
- controls the functioning of the other organ systems
- allows us to interact with our environment through the special senses
nervous system
Consists of glands throughout the body
- glands secretes chemical substances called hormones
- hormones control the function of certain organs
endocrine system
The _____ includes the teeth, salivary glands, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
- take in food and water
- digest food into nutrients
- absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream
- remove solid waste from the body in the form of feces
digestive system
The _____ consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
-removes liquid waste from the body in the form of urine
urinary system
The ______ consists of the sex organs, such as the ovaries, testes, and accessory organs
- allows the human body to produce new life
- without a means of reproduction, human life cease to exist
reproductive system
All of the organ systems work together to maintain _____ or balance
- means staying the same
- when the external or internal environment changes, the organ systems must make adjustments to compensate for the change
homeostasis
______ are believed to play a role in approximately half of all illness, caused by pathogens
infectious diseases
_____ occur when the tissues of the body wear out
- arthritis
- muscular dystrophy
- osteoporosis
- Alzheimers disease
They can be inherited, or caused by infection, injury, or aging
degenerative diseases
These disorders occur when a persons diet
- lacks certain nutrients
- has too much of any one nutrient (vitamins)
- has too many calories
ex: obesity
nutritional disorders
____ occur when
- the body is unable to metabolize or absorb certain nutrients
- the body secretes either too much of one type of hormone or not enough
Ex: diabetes
metabolic disorders