Chapters 20-23 Flashcards
A lack of ____ and ____ results in:
- decreased ability to handle pain
- increased risk for illness
- prolonged healing process
- impaired coping skills
- impaired cognitive function
- increased fatigue
rest and sleep
Allows body and brain to relax and recover -re-energizes brain cells -strengthens the immune system -heals and repairs tissue Characterized by -slowed heart rate and respiration -closed eyes -relaxed muscles
normal sleep
- four stages
- each stage lasts 5 to 15 minutes
Nonrapid eye movement (NREM)
- increased brain activity
- breathing, heart rate, and eye movement increased
Rapid eye movement (REM)
On average there are 4 to 5 _____ per night
sleep cycles
Newborns average _____ hours
-as a child needs gradually decrease
20
Adults require _____ to _____ hours
-older adults have a difficulty acquiring uninterrupted sleep and often find napping helpful
7 to 8
- environment
- pain
- chronic health conditions
- emotional concerns
- sleep disorders
Factors affecting _____
sleep
- elderly take longer to fall asleep
- awake more frequently
- more sensitive to noise around them
- may need regular daytime naps
Concerns for _______
long-term care
____ health conditions can impact sleep
- frequent urination
- restless leg syndrome
- some meds adverse effects
chronic
Lack of ____ may contribute to
- increase risk of anxiety, delirium, and depression
- increase risk of falls due to fatigue
sleep
Difficulty falling or staying asleep Care includes: -report any complaints -be aware of increased risk for falls -provide an environment that promotes sleep
insomnia
Breathing is interrupted resulting in interrupted sleep
Care includes:
-support the client in managing weight and avoiding alcohol and smoking
-assist client with using and caring for CPAP machine
sleep apnea
Sharp, sudden pain resulting from injury
-lessens as body heals
acute pain
Last longer than generally expected
-interferes with the ability to rest, relax, and sleep
chronic pain
Point at which a person becomes aware of pain
pain threshold
Level of pain when a person seeks help to manage it
pain tolerate
- location: is it in one place or does it radiate?
- characteristics: does it burn, ache, throb, stab, etc?
- intensity: use a pain scale
- circumstances: what makes the pain worse or better?
Are questions regarding _____
pain
Reporting the clients pain to the _____ is important because doing so helps:
- assess whats causing the problem
- determine the appropriate treatment
nurse
Pain that is felt before the next dose of pain meds is due
- this should be reported immediately
- report any concerns the client may have about possible addiction to the meds or side effects
breakthrough pain
____ may be effective in relieving pain by:
- exercise: especially musculoskeletal injuries
- ultrasound therapy: increases circulation and relaxes muscles
- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): affects nerves to reduce pain
physical therapy
_____ responds well to heat and cold application
-Can be dangerous and must be applied cautiously
musculoskeletal pain
____ and ____ clients at greatest risk for injury from heat and cold application:
Other clients at risk include those with:
-fair skin
-impaired sensations
-impaired consciousness
children and older
- relaxes muscles, increases blood flow, and eases pain
- spreads healing and reduces swelling
- can be either moist and dry
- check site every 5 minutes, remove after 20 min
- immediately report red or pale skin, stinging, burning, or pain
heat application
- reduces swelling, decreases bleeding and eases pain through vasoconctriction
- often used for sprains and strains
- can be either moist or dry
cold application
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
- hygiene
- mouth care
- perineal care
- bathing
- clean clothes
- eating
- grooming
Practices of ____
daily living
- promotes both physical and emotional health
- keeps the skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth healthy
- prevents skin conditions that could interrupt the bodys first line defense
- prevents body and breath odor
Benefits of ____
hygiene
Care provided after a person wakes up to prepare them for breakfast or an appointment
early morning care
When morning personal hygiene routine is completed to prepare the person for the day
morning am care
Care provided before and after lunch and dinner
Provided in preparation for sleep
afternoon care
evening care
Personal hygiene care that is provided whenever a pt or resident needs it throughout the night
- for pts in coma
- incontinent person
- person who is diaphoretic
PRN (as needed) care
- personal preferences
- cultural and religious beliefs
- persons wishes
Adjustments to ____
schedule
A person who has a medical condition that causes them to sweat a great deal
diaphoretic
A person who has no teeth at all
edentulous
Cleaning of the perineum and associated structures
perineal care (peri-care)
From the bottom of the vagina to the anus in females
From the area between the root of the penis and the anus, as well as the penis
perineum
_____ is important for the
- prevention of infection
- prevention of skin breakdown and odor
perineal care
When providing _____:
- drape with bath blanket
- place washcloth at top of vulva and stroke downward to anus
- first clean each side, then middle
- clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
female perineal care
When providing _____:
- drape with bath blanket
- pass washcloth in a circular motion, moving from tip of penis to base
- if a man is uncircumcised, retract foreskin to wash, then gently return foreskin to normal position
- clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
male perineal care
- soap and no rinse cleaners
- bath oils
- lotions and creams
- body powder
- deodorants and antiperspirants
- variety of linens
These are ____
bathing supplies
- stimulates circulation
- relaxes pt
- promotes sleep
- calms sick babies and elderly
- can be performed prone and lateral
- promotes physical and emotional health
- gives opportunity to observe pts skin
Are the benefits of ______
benefits
Activities related to keeping the body clean and healthy
hygiene
Includes activities related to maintaining a neat and attractive appearance
grooming
Some factors that influence _____:
- cultural and religious beliefs
- upbringing
- current fashion
- level of income
- feelings about ones own sexuality
grooming
- during or immediately following a bath
- nails trimmed with clippers to a length no shorter than even with the ends of the fingers
- nails filed into a smooth oval shape
- hangnails may need to be trimmed
Care of the _____
fingernails
The disorder commonly known as athletes foot, is fungal infection of the skin and nails
tinea pedis
Common ____ disorders:
- tinea pedis
- ingrown toenails
- cuts and blisters
foot
Itching and flaking of the scalp ____
A fungal infection of the scalp, may also cause itching and flaking of the scalp ______
Commonly referred to as cradle cap, when it occurs in infants, causes severe scaling of the scalp, thick, yellow, crusty patches are seen
dandruff
tinea capitis
sebarrheic dermatitis
Nits or head lice, is particularly common in children
pediculosis capitis
_____ is the process of taking in food and using it
- ingestion
- digestion
- absorption
- metabolism
nutrition
Metabolism provides energy measured in units called kilocalories, more commonly known as _____
calories
Food taken into our bodies is broken down into essential elements called ____
- provides us with energy
- help our bodies to function properly
nutrients
Nutrients that supply ____
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fat
energy
Nutrients that regulate _____
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
body processes
The breaking down of food into simple elements ____
digestion
The transfer of these nutrients from the digestion tract into the bloodstream
absorption
The process that occurs in cells to convert the nutrients into energy
metabolism
Small molecules that help to regulate body processes and form structures within the body
vitamins and minerals
Found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals and breads
fiber
_____ are the source of the bodys most basic type of fuel, glucose
carbohydrates
Sometimes called blood sugar is carried in the blood and rapidly absorbed by every cell in the body
glucose
A diet that provides the body with a balanced amount of the essential nutrients
- myplate
- nutrition food labels
balanced diet
Designed to remind people to eat healthfully:
- grains
- vegetables
- fruits
- milk
- meat and beans
myplate
Myplate for ____:
- focus on age related requirements
- decreased calories
- increased or same amount of protein
- increased fluids
- different forms of foods
older adults
_____ is found in foods such as milk, ans cheese, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and dried peas, they contain amino acids
proteins
Small molecules that are the building blocks of all the bodys cells
amino acids
The nurse completes a _____ to find out as much as possible about the pts eating habits, likes and dislikes
OBRA requires meals to meet the individual nutritional needs of each resident, and to be presented in an appealing way
dietary assessment
Used to supply extra calories or protein in addition to a special diet
nutritional supplements
A ____ is used to reference the location of food on the tray for people with poor eyesight
clock face
Recording the portion of the total meal that was consumed
- inform the nurse if a pt eats less than 70% of their meal
- recording the % of each food etan
recording food intake
Fluids are given through a small catheter that is inserted into a vein
intravenous therapy
- nasogastric tubes
- nasointestinal tube
- a gastrostomy tube
- jejunostomy tube
- percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG)
These are methods of _____
enternal nutrition
Involves placing food directly into the stomach or intestines which eliminates the need for the person to chew or swallow
enteral nutrition
Is a special type of gastrostomy tube that is inserted into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope
PEG
Nourishment is delivered directly into the blood stream through a large catheter inserted into a large vein near the heart
total parenteral nutrition (TPN, hyperalimentation)
When the amount of fluid taken into the body equals the amount of fluids that leaves the body, a state of fluids balance occurs
-important for health
fluid balance
Occurs when there is too little fluid in the body
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- hemorrhage
- severe burns
- excessive sweating
- not drinking enough fluids
dehydration
Occurs when there is too much fluid in the body
- kidney disease
- heart disease
edema
Intake and output (I&O) flow sheet used to record
-30 mL = 1 ounce
Calculate intake by estimating or by measuring leftover fluids with a graduate and subtracting that a number from the amount of fluids that were on the tray to begin with
recording intake and output
After the person has finished with the meal, you would take all of the fluids left in the glasses and pour them into a ____ (a measuring device)
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