Chapters 20-23 Flashcards

(80 cards)

1
Q

A lack of ____ and ____ results in:

  • decreased ability to handle pain
  • increased risk for illness
  • prolonged healing process
  • impaired coping skills
  • impaired cognitive function
  • increased fatigue
A

rest and sleep

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2
Q
Allows body and brain to relax and recover
-re-energizes brain cells
-strengthens the immune system
-heals and repairs tissue
Characterized by
-slowed heart rate and respiration
-closed eyes
-relaxed muscles
A

normal sleep

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3
Q
  • four stages

- each stage lasts 5 to 15 minutes

A

Nonrapid eye movement (NREM)

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4
Q
  • increased brain activity

- breathing, heart rate, and eye movement increased

A

Rapid eye movement (REM)

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5
Q

On average there are 4 to 5 _____ per night

A

sleep cycles

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6
Q

Newborns average _____ hours

-as a child needs gradually decrease

A

20

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7
Q

Adults require _____ to _____ hours

-older adults have a difficulty acquiring uninterrupted sleep and often find napping helpful

A

7 to 8

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8
Q
  • environment
  • pain
  • chronic health conditions
  • emotional concerns
  • sleep disorders

Factors affecting _____

A

sleep

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9
Q
  • elderly take longer to fall asleep
  • awake more frequently
  • more sensitive to noise around them
  • may need regular daytime naps

Concerns for _______

A

long-term care

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10
Q

____ health conditions can impact sleep

  • frequent urination
  • restless leg syndrome
  • some meds adverse effects
A

chronic

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11
Q

Lack of ____ may contribute to

  • increase risk of anxiety, delirium, and depression
  • increase risk of falls due to fatigue
A

sleep

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12
Q
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Care includes:
-report any complaints 
-be aware of increased risk for falls
-provide an environment that promotes sleep
A

insomnia

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13
Q

Breathing is interrupted resulting in interrupted sleep
Care includes:
-support the client in managing weight and avoiding alcohol and smoking
-assist client with using and caring for CPAP machine

A

sleep apnea

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14
Q

Sharp, sudden pain resulting from injury

-lessens as body heals

A

acute pain

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15
Q

Last longer than generally expected

-interferes with the ability to rest, relax, and sleep

A

chronic pain

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16
Q

Point at which a person becomes aware of pain

A

pain threshold

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17
Q

Level of pain when a person seeks help to manage it

A

pain tolerate

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18
Q
  • location: is it in one place or does it radiate?
  • characteristics: does it burn, ache, throb, stab, etc?
  • intensity: use a pain scale
  • circumstances: what makes the pain worse or better?

Are questions regarding _____

A

pain

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19
Q

Reporting the clients pain to the _____ is important because doing so helps:

  • assess whats causing the problem
  • determine the appropriate treatment
A

nurse

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20
Q

Pain that is felt before the next dose of pain meds is due

  • this should be reported immediately
  • report any concerns the client may have about possible addiction to the meds or side effects
A

breakthrough pain

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21
Q

____ may be effective in relieving pain by:

  • exercise: especially musculoskeletal injuries
  • ultrasound therapy: increases circulation and relaxes muscles
  • transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): affects nerves to reduce pain
A

physical therapy

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22
Q

_____ responds well to heat and cold application

-Can be dangerous and must be applied cautiously

A

musculoskeletal pain

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23
Q

____ and ____ clients at greatest risk for injury from heat and cold application:
Other clients at risk include those with:
-fair skin
-impaired sensations
-impaired consciousness

A

children and older

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24
Q
  • relaxes muscles, increases blood flow, and eases pain
  • spreads healing and reduces swelling
  • can be either moist and dry
  • check site every 5 minutes, remove after 20 min
  • immediately report red or pale skin, stinging, burning, or pain
A

heat application

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25
- reduces swelling, decreases bleeding and eases pain through vasoconctriction - often used for sprains and strains - can be either moist or dry
cold application
26
Activities of daily living (ADLs) - hygiene - mouth care - perineal care - bathing - clean clothes - eating - grooming Practices of ____
daily living
27
- promotes both physical and emotional health - keeps the skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth healthy - prevents skin conditions that could interrupt the bodys first line defense - prevents body and breath odor Benefits of ____
hygiene
28
Care provided after a person wakes up to prepare them for breakfast or an appointment
early morning care
29
When morning personal hygiene routine is completed to prepare the person for the day
morning am care
30
Care provided before and after lunch and dinner Provided in preparation for sleep
afternoon care evening care
31
Personal hygiene care that is provided whenever a pt or resident needs it throughout the night - for pts in coma - incontinent person - person who is diaphoretic
PRN (as needed) care
32
- personal preferences - cultural and religious beliefs - persons wishes Adjustments to ____
schedule
33
A person who has a medical condition that causes them to sweat a great deal
diaphoretic
34
A person who has no teeth at all
edentulous
35
Cleaning of the perineum and associated structures
perineal care (peri-care)
36
From the bottom of the vagina to the anus in females From the area between the root of the penis and the anus, as well as the penis
perineum
37
_____ is important for the - prevention of infection - prevention of skin breakdown and odor
perineal care
38
When providing _____: - drape with bath blanket - place washcloth at top of vulva and stroke downward to anus - first clean each side, then middle - clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
female perineal care
39
When providing _____: - drape with bath blanket - pass washcloth in a circular motion, moving from tip of penis to base - if a man is uncircumcised, retract foreskin to wash, then gently return foreskin to normal position - clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
male perineal care
40
- soap and no rinse cleaners - bath oils - lotions and creams - body powder - deodorants and antiperspirants - variety of linens These are ____
bathing supplies
41
- stimulates circulation - relaxes pt - promotes sleep - calms sick babies and elderly - can be performed prone and lateral - promotes physical and emotional health - gives opportunity to observe pts skin Are the benefits of ______
benefits
42
Activities related to keeping the body clean and healthy
hygiene
43
Includes activities related to maintaining a neat and attractive appearance
grooming
44
Some factors that influence _____: - cultural and religious beliefs - upbringing - current fashion - level of income - feelings about ones own sexuality
grooming
45
- during or immediately following a bath - nails trimmed with clippers to a length no shorter than even with the ends of the fingers - nails filed into a smooth oval shape - hangnails may need to be trimmed Care of the _____
fingernails
46
The disorder commonly known as athletes foot, is fungal infection of the skin and nails
tinea pedis
47
Common ____ disorders: - tinea pedis - ingrown toenails - cuts and blisters
foot
48
Itching and flaking of the scalp ____ A fungal infection of the scalp, may also cause itching and flaking of the scalp ______ Commonly referred to as cradle cap, when it occurs in infants, causes severe scaling of the scalp, thick, yellow, crusty patches are seen
dandruff tinea capitis sebarrheic dermatitis
49
Nits or head lice, is particularly common in children
pediculosis capitis
50
_____ is the process of taking in food and using it - ingestion - digestion - absorption - metabolism
nutrition
51
Metabolism provides energy measured in units called kilocalories, more commonly known as _____
calories
52
Food taken into our bodies is broken down into essential elements called ____ - provides us with energy - help our bodies to function properly
nutrients
53
Nutrients that supply ____ - carbohydrates - proteins - fat
energy
54
Nutrients that regulate _____ - vitamins - minerals - water
body processes
55
The breaking down of food into simple elements ____
digestion
56
The transfer of these nutrients from the digestion tract into the bloodstream
absorption
57
The process that occurs in cells to convert the nutrients into energy
metabolism
58
Small molecules that help to regulate body processes and form structures within the body
vitamins and minerals
59
Found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals and breads
fiber
60
_____ are the source of the bodys most basic type of fuel, glucose
carbohydrates
61
Sometimes called blood sugar is carried in the blood and rapidly absorbed by every cell in the body
glucose
62
A diet that provides the body with a balanced amount of the essential nutrients - myplate - nutrition food labels
balanced diet
63
Designed to remind people to eat healthfully: - grains - vegetables - fruits - milk - meat and beans
myplate
64
Myplate for ____: - focus on age related requirements - decreased calories - increased or same amount of protein - increased fluids - different forms of foods
older adults
65
_____ is found in foods such as milk, ans cheese, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and dried peas, they contain amino acids
proteins
66
Small molecules that are the building blocks of all the bodys cells
amino acids
67
The nurse completes a _____ to find out as much as possible about the pts eating habits, likes and dislikes OBRA requires meals to meet the individual nutritional needs of each resident, and to be presented in an appealing way
dietary assessment
68
Used to supply extra calories or protein in addition to a special diet
nutritional supplements
69
A ____ is used to reference the location of food on the tray for people with poor eyesight
clock face
70
Recording the portion of the total meal that was consumed - inform the nurse if a pt eats less than 70% of their meal - recording the % of each food etan
recording food intake
71
Fluids are given through a small catheter that is inserted into a vein
intravenous therapy
72
- nasogastric tubes - nasointestinal tube - a gastrostomy tube - jejunostomy tube - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) These are methods of _____
enternal nutrition
73
Involves placing food directly into the stomach or intestines which eliminates the need for the person to chew or swallow
enteral nutrition
74
Is a special type of gastrostomy tube that is inserted into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope
PEG
75
Nourishment is delivered directly into the blood stream through a large catheter inserted into a large vein near the heart
total parenteral nutrition (TPN, hyperalimentation)
76
When the amount of fluid taken into the body equals the amount of fluids that leaves the body, a state of fluids balance occurs -important for health
fluid balance
77
Occurs when there is too little fluid in the body - diarrhea - vomiting - hemorrhage - severe burns - excessive sweating - not drinking enough fluids
dehydration
78
Occurs when there is too much fluid in the body - kidney disease - heart disease
edema
79
Intake and output (I&O) flow sheet used to record -30 mL = 1 ounce Calculate intake by estimating or by measuring leftover fluids with a graduate and subtracting that a number from the amount of fluids that were on the tray to begin with
recording intake and output
80
After the person has finished with the meal, you would take all of the fluids left in the glasses and pour them into a ____ (a measuring device)
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