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Nursing Assistant > Chapters 20-23 > Flashcards

Chapters 20-23 Flashcards

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1
Q

A lack of ____ and ____ results in:

  • decreased ability to handle pain
  • increased risk for illness
  • prolonged healing process
  • impaired coping skills
  • impaired cognitive function
  • increased fatigue
A

rest and sleep

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2
Q 
Allows body and brain to relax and recover
-re-energizes brain cells
-strengthens the immune system
-heals and repairs tissue
Characterized by
-slowed heart rate and respiration
-closed eyes
-relaxed muscles
A

normal sleep

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3
Q
  • four stages

- each stage lasts 5 to 15 minutes

A

Nonrapid eye movement (NREM)

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4
Q
  • increased brain activity

- breathing, heart rate, and eye movement increased

A

Rapid eye movement (REM)

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5
Q

On average there are 4 to 5 _____ per night

A

sleep cycles

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6
Q

Newborns average _____ hours

-as a child needs gradually decrease

A

20

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7
Q

Adults require _____ to _____ hours

-older adults have a difficulty acquiring uninterrupted sleep and often find napping helpful

A

7 to 8

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8
Q
  • environment
  • pain
  • chronic health conditions
  • emotional concerns
  • sleep disorders

Factors affecting _____

A

sleep

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9
Q
  • elderly take longer to fall asleep
  • awake more frequently
  • more sensitive to noise around them
  • may need regular daytime naps

Concerns for _______

A

long-term care

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10
Q

____ health conditions can impact sleep

  • frequent urination
  • restless leg syndrome
  • some meds adverse effects
A

chronic

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11
Q

Lack of ____ may contribute to

  • increase risk of anxiety, delirium, and depression
  • increase risk of falls due to fatigue
A

sleep

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12
Q 
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Care includes:
-report any complaints 
-be aware of increased risk for falls
-provide an environment that promotes sleep
A

insomnia

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13
Q

Breathing is interrupted resulting in interrupted sleep
Care includes:
-support the client in managing weight and avoiding alcohol and smoking
-assist client with using and caring for CPAP machine

A

sleep apnea

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14
Q

Sharp, sudden pain resulting from injury

-lessens as body heals

A

acute pain

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15
Q

Last longer than generally expected

-interferes with the ability to rest, relax, and sleep

A

chronic pain

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16
Q

Point at which a person becomes aware of pain

A

pain threshold

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17
Q

Level of pain when a person seeks help to manage it

A

pain tolerate

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18
Q
  • location: is it in one place or does it radiate?
  • characteristics: does it burn, ache, throb, stab, etc?
  • intensity: use a pain scale
  • circumstances: what makes the pain worse or better?

Are questions regarding _____

A

pain

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19
Q

Reporting the clients pain to the _____ is important because doing so helps:

  • assess whats causing the problem
  • determine the appropriate treatment
A

nurse

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20
Q

Pain that is felt before the next dose of pain meds is due

  • this should be reported immediately
  • report any concerns the client may have about possible addiction to the meds or side effects
A

breakthrough pain

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21
Q

____ may be effective in relieving pain by:

  • exercise: especially musculoskeletal injuries
  • ultrasound therapy: increases circulation and relaxes muscles
  • transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): affects nerves to reduce pain
A

physical therapy

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22
Q

_____ responds well to heat and cold application

-Can be dangerous and must be applied cautiously

A

musculoskeletal pain

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23
Q

____ and ____ clients at greatest risk for injury from heat and cold application:
Other clients at risk include those with:
-fair skin
-impaired sensations
-impaired consciousness

A

children and older

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24
Q
  • relaxes muscles, increases blood flow, and eases pain
  • spreads healing and reduces swelling
  • can be either moist and dry
  • check site every 5 minutes, remove after 20 min
  • immediately report red or pale skin, stinging, burning, or pain
A

heat application

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25
Q
  • reduces swelling, decreases bleeding and eases pain through vasoconctriction
  • often used for sprains and strains
  • can be either moist or dry
A

cold application

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26
Q

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

  • hygiene
  • mouth care
  • perineal care
  • bathing
  • clean clothes
  • eating
  • grooming

Practices of ____

A

daily living

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27
Q
  • promotes both physical and emotional health
  • keeps the skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth healthy
  • prevents skin conditions that could interrupt the bodys first line defense
  • prevents body and breath odor

Benefits of ____

A

hygiene

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28
Q

Care provided after a person wakes up to prepare them for breakfast or an appointment

A

early morning care

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29
Q

When morning personal hygiene routine is completed to prepare the person for the day

A

morning am care

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30
Q

Care provided before and after lunch and dinner

Provided in preparation for sleep

A

afternoon care

evening care

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31
Q

Personal hygiene care that is provided whenever a pt or resident needs it throughout the night

  • for pts in coma
  • incontinent person
  • person who is diaphoretic
A

PRN (as needed) care

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32
Q
  • personal preferences
  • cultural and religious beliefs
  • persons wishes

Adjustments to ____

A

schedule

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33
Q

A person who has a medical condition that causes them to sweat a great deal

A

diaphoretic

34
Q

A person who has no teeth at all

A

edentulous

35
Q

Cleaning of the perineum and associated structures

A

perineal care (peri-care)

36
Q

From the bottom of the vagina to the anus in females

From the area between the root of the penis and the anus, as well as the penis

A

perineum

37
Q

_____ is important for the

  • prevention of infection
  • prevention of skin breakdown and odor
A

perineal care

38
Q

When providing _____:

  • drape with bath blanket
  • place washcloth at top of vulva and stroke downward to anus
  • first clean each side, then middle
  • clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
A

female perineal care

39
Q

When providing _____:

  • drape with bath blanket
  • pass washcloth in a circular motion, moving from tip of penis to base
  • if a man is uncircumcised, retract foreskin to wash, then gently return foreskin to normal position
  • clean anal area by placing washcloth at front of body and stroking toward back
A

male perineal care

40
Q
  • soap and no rinse cleaners
  • bath oils
  • lotions and creams
  • body powder
  • deodorants and antiperspirants
  • variety of linens

These are ____

A

bathing supplies

41
Q
  • stimulates circulation
  • relaxes pt
  • promotes sleep
  • calms sick babies and elderly
  • can be performed prone and lateral
  • promotes physical and emotional health
  • gives opportunity to observe pts skin

Are the benefits of ______

A

benefits

42
Q

Activities related to keeping the body clean and healthy

A

hygiene

43
Q

Includes activities related to maintaining a neat and attractive appearance

A

grooming

44
Q

Some factors that influence _____:

  • cultural and religious beliefs
  • upbringing
  • current fashion
  • level of income
  • feelings about ones own sexuality
A

grooming

45
Q
  • during or immediately following a bath
  • nails trimmed with clippers to a length no shorter than even with the ends of the fingers
  • nails filed into a smooth oval shape
  • hangnails may need to be trimmed

Care of the _____

A

fingernails

46
Q

The disorder commonly known as athletes foot, is fungal infection of the skin and nails

A

tinea pedis

47
Q

Common ____ disorders:

  • tinea pedis
  • ingrown toenails
  • cuts and blisters
A

foot

48
Q

Itching and flaking of the scalp ____

A fungal infection of the scalp, may also cause itching and flaking of the scalp ______

Commonly referred to as cradle cap, when it occurs in infants, causes severe scaling of the scalp, thick, yellow, crusty patches are seen

A

dandruff

tinea capitis

sebarrheic dermatitis

49
Q

Nits or head lice, is particularly common in children

A

pediculosis capitis

50
Q

_____ is the process of taking in food and using it

  • ingestion
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • metabolism
A

nutrition

51
Q

Metabolism provides energy measured in units called kilocalories, more commonly known as _____

A

calories

52
Q

Food taken into our bodies is broken down into essential elements called ____

  • provides us with energy
  • help our bodies to function properly
A

nutrients

53
Q

Nutrients that supply ____

  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • fat
A

energy

54
Q

Nutrients that regulate _____

  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • water
A

body processes

55
Q

The breaking down of food into simple elements ____

A

digestion

56
Q

The transfer of these nutrients from the digestion tract into the bloodstream

A

absorption

57
Q

The process that occurs in cells to convert the nutrients into energy

A

metabolism

58
Q

Small molecules that help to regulate body processes and form structures within the body

A

vitamins and minerals

59
Q

Found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals and breads

A

fiber

60
Q

_____ are the source of the bodys most basic type of fuel, glucose

A

carbohydrates

61
Q

Sometimes called blood sugar is carried in the blood and rapidly absorbed by every cell in the body

A

glucose

62
Q

A diet that provides the body with a balanced amount of the essential nutrients

  • myplate
  • nutrition food labels
A

balanced diet

63
Q

Designed to remind people to eat healthfully:

  • grains
  • vegetables
  • fruits
  • milk
  • meat and beans
A

myplate

64
Q

Myplate for ____:

  • focus on age related requirements
  • decreased calories
  • increased or same amount of protein
  • increased fluids
  • different forms of foods
A

older adults

65
Q

_____ is found in foods such as milk, ans cheese, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and dried peas, they contain amino acids

A

proteins

66
Q

Small molecules that are the building blocks of all the bodys cells

A

amino acids

67
Q

The nurse completes a _____ to find out as much as possible about the pts eating habits, likes and dislikes

OBRA requires meals to meet the individual nutritional needs of each resident, and to be presented in an appealing way

A

dietary assessment

68
Q

Used to supply extra calories or protein in addition to a special diet

A

nutritional supplements

69
Q

A ____ is used to reference the location of food on the tray for people with poor eyesight

A

clock face

70
Q

Recording the portion of the total meal that was consumed

  • inform the nurse if a pt eats less than 70% of their meal
  • recording the % of each food etan
A

recording food intake

71
Q

Fluids are given through a small catheter that is inserted into a vein

A

intravenous therapy

72
Q
  • nasogastric tubes
  • nasointestinal tube
  • a gastrostomy tube
  • jejunostomy tube
  • percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG)

These are methods of _____

A

enternal nutrition

73
Q

Involves placing food directly into the stomach or intestines which eliminates the need for the person to chew or swallow

A

enteral nutrition

74
Q

Is a special type of gastrostomy tube that is inserted into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope

A

PEG

75
Q

Nourishment is delivered directly into the blood stream through a large catheter inserted into a large vein near the heart

A

total parenteral nutrition (TPN, hyperalimentation)

76
Q

When the amount of fluid taken into the body equals the amount of fluids that leaves the body, a state of fluids balance occurs
-important for health

A

fluid balance

77
Q

Occurs when there is too little fluid in the body

  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • hemorrhage
  • severe burns
  • excessive sweating
  • not drinking enough fluids
A

dehydration

78
Q

Occurs when there is too much fluid in the body

  • kidney disease
  • heart disease
A

edema

79
Q

Intake and output (I&O) flow sheet used to record
-30 mL = 1 ounce

Calculate intake by estimating or by measuring leftover fluids with a graduate and subtracting that a number from the amount of fluids that were on the tray to begin with

A

recording intake and output

80
Q

After the person has finished with the meal, you would take all of the fluids left in the glasses and pour them into a ____ (a measuring device)

A

graduate

Nursing Assistant (8 decks)

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