Chapters 24-26 Flashcards
During conversion process of food into energy through metabolism, waste material are created, the body eliminates waste in two forms the _____ and _____
urinary system
digestive system
Filters waste products from blood to form urine
urinary system
Separates solid waste from food to form feces
digestive system
Some pts may only need a ______ to lean on during their trip to the bathroom, other will need more help
Bathrooms in many health care facilities have a special features that make then easier for people with physical disabilities to use, minimizing the amount of assistance the pt will need
steady arm
Some pts may not be able to get out of bed at all, or they may be too weak or ill to walk to the bathroom, these people may need to use:
______
______
______
bedside commode
bedpan
urinals
For a person who is able to get out of bed but not able to walk
Consist of a chair frame with a toilet seat and a removable collection bucket
bedside commode
Used for elimination when a person is unable to get out of bed at all
-used for men and woman for urine and bowel movements
bedpan
When using a bedpan is uncomfortable or dangerous, a special bedpan called a ______ is used
-place under the pt with the thin edge towards the persons back
fracture pan
- warm metal bedpan by wrapping it in a warm towel or running warm water over the seat
- apply a small amount of powder to the rim to make easier to slide
- provide privacy
- raise head of bed to promote natural elimination position
useful tips for bedpan and fracture pans
The most effective method of treating urinary and bowel problems is _____
- encourage plenty of fluids
- answer call lights
- encourage person to call when they first feel the urge
- offer the chance to eliminate every 2 hrs
- provide privacy
prevention
Before collecting any specimen be sure you are _____ on the proper procedure before proceeding
clear
For ______, the person is asked to urinate directly into the specimen cup. If difficult the person can urinate into a specimen collection device
-the person must not have a bowel movement at the same time, do not place toilet paper in collection device, because it can change the results
routine urinalysis
This method of collecting urine prevents contamination of urine by the bacteria that normally live in and around the urethra
- usually order when urinary infection is suspected
- the person cleans the area around the urethral opening with a cleansing wipe
- urine starts to flow, then stopped, then started again
- the urine is collected from the restarted flow
midstream (clean catch)
A type of _______ involves dipping chemically treated paper strips into a urine sample
- chemicals on the paper react with certain substances that may be found in the urine, causing the chemical blocks on the paper to change color if the substances are present in the urine
- the paper is then compared with a color chart that comes with the strips
routine urine testing
Examination of the urine under a microscope and by chemical means
urinalysis
_____ is analyzed for the presence of blood, pathogens (such as parasites or bacteria), fat, and other things that are not normally found in feces
- person should be notified well in advance
- can be collected in a bedpan, commode, or collection device
- person must not void at the same time, or place toilet paper in collection
stool
The ______ consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
In healthy people urine is
- clear without cloudiness or particles
- pale yellow, straw colored or dark gold (amber) in color, with a slight odor
urinary system
Blood is filtered by the _____, forming urine
The urine is stored in the _____
As the bladder fills, we begin to feel the urge to _____
Urine leaves the body through the _____
kidneys
bladder
urinate
urethra
A slight red tinge may indicate _____, presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
Many factors influence a persons ______:
- amount of fluids the person drinks
- types of meds the person takes
- persons age
- persons lifelong elimination habits
urinary pattern
_____ is the term used to describe voiding that occurs more than usual
frequency
Frequency is often accompanied by a feeling of _____, or the need to urinate immediately
urgency
_____ is the need to get up more than once or twice during the night, to the point where sleep is disrupted
nocturia
______ is difficulty voiding that may or may not be associated with pain
- burning or cramping sensation
- often associated with bladder infections, prostate problems, and some STDs
dysuria
In a person maintaining a _____, urine output is neither too high nor too low, complications associated with urine output are:
- oliguria
- polyuria
- anuria
good fluid balance
The state of voiding a very small amount of urine over a given period of time
oliguria
The state of excessive urine output
polyuria
The state of voiding less than 100 mL of urine over the course of 24 hours
anuria
______ is done when a person is unable to urinate using a toilet, bedpan, urinal, or bedpan commode
A tube that is inserted into the bladder by a nurse through the urethra to allow the urine in the bladder to drain out
urinary catheterization
Also known as a Robinson, Rob Nel, or Red Rubber catheter, is used when the catheter is to be inserted and removed immediately
straight catheter
Also known as a retention or Foley catheter, is left inside the bladder to provide continuous urine drainage
-connected by a length of tubing to a urine drainage bag
indwelling catheter
A type of indwelling catheter inserted into the bladder through a surgical incision made in the abdominal wall right above the pubic bone
suprapubic catheter
______ are used in many different ways:
- to drain bladder before or during surgery, during recovery from injury or illness, to collect urine for testing
- if person is incontinent, has wounds or pressure ulcers that would be made worse by contact with urine
- when unable to urinate because of an obstruction in the urethra
catheters
Catheter care involves thorough cleaning of the perineal area and the catheter tubing that extends outside of the body, to prevent infection
-because bacteria can be introduced into the body both when a urinary catheter is inserted and after it is place, _____ in catheterized people are one of the most common nosocomial infections
UTIs
Use of an indwelling catheter can lead to temporary urinary _____, when the catheter is removed because of lack of activity can decrease the muscle tone of the bladder
To prepare the bladder for removal, it is common to clamp the tubing of the catheter for a period of time to allow the urine to fill the bladder
incontinence
The inability to hold ones urine, or the involuntary loss of urine from the bladder
urinary incontinence
- result of bladder infection
- after indwelling catheter that had been in for a long time
temporary urinary incontinence