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Nursing Assistant > Chapters 10-14 > Flashcards

Chapters 10-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Diseases that can be spread from one person to another

A

communicable diseases

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2
Q

Also called a microorganism, is a living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye

A

microbe

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3
Q

Most microbes cause no harm and are actually essential for healthy living: called ____

A

normal (resident) flora

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4
Q

Some microbes, however, can cause illness and are known as _____

A

pathogens

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5
Q

Sometimes microbes can be considered normal flora in one part of the body and pathogens in another, these types of microbes are called _____

A

opportunistic microbes

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6
Q

When _____ finds its way out of the intestines and into another part of the body where it is not normal flora, such as the bladder, it can cause an infection

A

Escherichia coli

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7
Q
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • parasites, helminths, protozoa

Are classifications of _____

A

microbes

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8
Q

_____ cause cause many of the infections you will encounter in the health care setting
-its ability to adapt to all sorts of environments is proof of this life forms ability to survive

A

bacteria

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9
Q

Scientist classify and name _____ in many different ways:

  • by their shape
  • by the way they arranged themselves in a colony
  • by the way they stain (how they react to the dye to make them more visible)
A

bacteria

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10
Q

Although bacteria usually consist of only one cell, they often group together to form _____

A

colonies

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11
Q

Round bacteria are called _____

A

cocci

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12
Q

Rod shaped bacteria are called ____

A

bacilli

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13
Q

Spiral shaped or curved bacteria are called _____

A

sprilla

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14
Q

Pairs of bacteria indicated by the prefix _____

A

diplo-

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15
Q

Chains of bacteria indicated by the prefix _____

A

strepto-

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16
Q

Grape like clusters of bacteria indicated by the prefix ____

A

staphylo-

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17
Q

Need oxygen to live

A

aerobic

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18
Q

Die if oxygen is present

A

anaerobic

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19
Q

Some types of bacteria can surround themselves with a hard shell called _____, and enter a state of inactivity
-these types of bacteria are hard to kill using the standard techniques

A

endospores

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20
Q

Once the inactive bacteriums best growing conditions become available, the bacterium will become ____ again

A

active

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21
Q
  • tetanus (lockjaw)
  • botulism (food poisoning)
  • strep throat
  • some bladder infections
  • some skin infections
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  • typhus
  • some types of pneumonia
  • some infections of the reproductive and urinary systems

Are illnesses caused by _____

A

bacteria

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22
Q

Are the smallest of all microbes: ____

-can only be seen using a special kind of microscope called an ____

A

viruses

electron microscope

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23
Q

Many illnesses can be caused by ____ such as:

  • common cold
  • fever blisters
  • chicken pox
  • hepatitis
  • AIDS
A

viruses

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24
Q

Are a group of plant like organisms that scientist have classified together because of certain characteristics, including the make up of their cell walls

A

fungi

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25
Q

Illnesses caused by ____:

  • ringworm (tinea corporis)
  • athletes foot (tinea pedis)
  • thrush
  • candidiasis
A

fungi

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26
Q

Live in or on a host such as a plant or animal and use that host for food and protection

A

parasites

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27
Q

Illnesses caused by ____

  • scabies (mites)
  • pediculosis (lice)
A

parasite

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28
Q

Other types of parasites:

  • pinworms, tapeworms, roundworms are ____
  • malaria caused by bite of mosquito, amebic dysentery is a type of diarrhea caused by drinking water are ____
A

helminths

protozoa

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29
Q

Many microbes share the earth with us, then why are we not always sick? The body has a defense system that protects us from infection called ____

A

immune system

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30
Q

Our main ______ is healthy, intact skin and mucous membranes

  • skin that is without cuts, scrapes, or wounds physically prevents pathogens from entering the body
  • mucous membranes line all of the organ systems that come in contact with the outside world (respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems)
A

nonspecific defense mechanisms

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31
Q

Is a pathogen gets past the first line of defense and an infection results, the body activates a _____
-fever, inflammation, warmth, and redness at the site of infection: a normal response to infection

A

general immune response

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32
Q

The immune system also has the ability to develop specialized proteins called ____, which help our bodies to fight off specific microbes

A

antibodies

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33
Q

A person develops ____ following exposure to the microbe

_____ expose the body to the microbe, stimulating antibody production without causing actual illness

A

antibodies

vaccines

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34
Q

An ____ is a drug that is able to kill bacteria or make it difficult for them reproduce and grow

A

antibiotic

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35
Q

_____ first antibiotic used in WWII

A

penicillin

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36
Q

Resistant to one or more classes of antibiotics

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

Are easily spread from person to person via the hands

A

multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)

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37
Q

Some good bacteria are destroyed when using antibiotics to treat infections, resulting in infections
_____ major cause of health care associated diarrhea

A

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

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38
Q

Although antibiotics have given us more options for treating infectious disease than we had in the past, they do not work against all pathogens all of the time
The best policy is clearly to _____ infection in the first place

A

infection

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39
Q

An illness caused by a pathogen

A

infection

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40
Q

Infections that can be easily transmitted from one person to another through casual contact

A

contagious

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41
Q

For a person to get a communicable infection, six key conditions muse be met
Theses six key elements are known as the _____

A

chain of infection

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42
Q

Eliminating any one of the six key elements breaks the chain and _____ the spread of infection

A

prevents

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43
Q
  • pathogen
  • reservoir
  • portal of exit
  • method of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host

This is known as ____

A

chain of infection

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44
Q

A ____ is a place where something is stored

A

reservoir

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45
Q

Indirect transmission occurs when a noninfected person comes into contact with a non-living object that has been contaminated by pathogens, these objects are called _____

A

fomites

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46
Q
  • very young: immune system not developed
  • very old: immune system not as active with aging
  • poor general health: body defenses already weak, certain medications and tx affect immune system
  • stress and fatigue: lack of rest and emotional stress
  • indwelling medical devices: increased risk of infections by providing a portal of entry

These are all ____

A

susceptible host

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47
Q

Infections people get while a pt or resident: ____

  • health care worker can get while providing care
  • also called ____
A

health care-associated infections (HAIs)

nosocomial infections

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48
Q

Most common method of transmission: ____

A

hands

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49
Q

All health care facilities follow basic practices that are designed to decrease the chance that an infection will be spread from one person to another, these practices are called ____

A

infection control

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50
Q

These are 4 major methods of _____:

  • medical asepsis
  • surgical asepsis
  • barrier methods
  • isolation precautions
A

infection control

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51
Q

____ involves physically removing or killing pathogens, and is primarily achieved through processes involving soap, water, antiseptics, disinfectants, or heat

  • sanitization
  • antisepsis
  • disinfection
  • sterilization
A

medical asepsis

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52
Q

_____ is the word we use to describe practices associated with basic cleanliness, such as:

  • hand hygiene
  • cleansing of eating materials and other surfaces with soap and water
  • providing clean linings and clothing
  • practices physically removing pathogens preventing their spread
A

sanitization

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53
Q

____ takes sanitation one step further by actually killing microbes or stopping then from growing

A

antisepsis

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54
Q

An ____ is a chemical that is capable of killing a pathogen, or preventing it from growing
-can be used on skin: rubbing alcohol, iodine, alcohol-based hand rub

A

antiseptic

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55
Q

____ involves the use of stronger chemicals to kill pathogens

  • too strong to use on skin
  • use on non-living objects
A

disinfection

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56
Q

____ most common thorough method of killing microbes
-used on objects that must be completely free of any microbe, such as surgical instruments, hypodermic needles, or intravenous (IV) catheters
-items are places in autoclave or soaked in chemicals
to destroy all microbes
-boiling is not an effective method

A

sterilization

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57
Q

_____ have several advantages:

  • quicker than washing hands
  • gentler on skin
  • can be used anywhere
A

alcohol-based hand rubs

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58
Q

_____ used for procedures that involve entering a persons body

  • surgical procedures
  • injections
  • insertion of IV catheter
  • insertion of urinary catheter
A

surgical asepsis

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59
Q

A ____ is an object that physically prevents microbes from reaching a health care providers skin or mucous membranes

A

barrier

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60
Q

Barriers used in infection control, called ____ include:

  • gloves
  • gowns
  • masks
  • protective eyewear
A

personal protective equipment (PPE)

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61
Q

____ most common used barrier method

A

gloves

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62
Q

The most common error made by people who wear gloves is becoming too comfortable with the fact that they are protecting themselves, and forgetting to protect _____

A

others

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63
Q

A ____ should be used when it is likely that your uniform will be soiled with body fluids

A

gown (paper or fabric)

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64
Q

____ prevents you from breathing in microbes through your nose or mouth, and are worn when there is a chance that you will be exposed to pathogens that are transmitted through the air or in droplets of saliva
-____ are the most commonly used but in TB pts a special high filtration one is used

A

mask

surgical mask

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65
Q

____ face shields and other types of protective eyewear are used to protect your eyes from substances that may splash

A

googles

66
Q

Sequence to put on _____:

  • gown
  • mask
  • eyewear
  • gloves
A

PPE

67
Q

Sequence to remove ____:

  • gloves
  • eyewear
  • gown
  • mask
A

PPE

68
Q

Guidelines based on a pathogens method of transmission that we follow to contain the pathogen and limit others exposure to it
-include when a person is known to have a disease that is transmitted a certain way, air, droplets, direct contact

A

isolation (transmission based) precautions

69
Q

Specifically used to protect health care workers from pathogens that are transmitted in blood, they are used for everyone

A

standard precautions

70
Q

Used when caring for people infected with pathogens that can be transmitted thought air

A

airborne precautions

71
Q

Used when caring for people with diseases caused by pathogens that are transmitted by direct exposure to droplets released by mouth or nose (coughing, sneezing)

A

droplet precautions

72
Q

Used when caring for people with diseases caused by pathogens that are transmitted directly or indirectly

A

contact precautions

73
Q

Disease producing microbe that is transmitted through:

  • blood
  • body fluids
A

bloodborne pathogens

74
Q

Are liquid or semi-liquid substances produced by the body such as:

  • blood
  • urine, feces
  • vomitus, saliva
  • drainage from wound
  • sweat tears
  • semen, vaginal secretions
  • cerebrospinal fluid and amniotic fluid
  • breast milk
A

body fluids

75
Q

Ways ____ are transmitted:

  • needle sticks
  • cuts from contaminated, broken glass
  • direct contact between infected blood and broken skin, mucous membranes, or the eyes
  • sexual intercourse
  • blood transfusion
A

bloodborne pathogens

76
Q

Diseases caused by ____:

  • Hep B, C, and D
  • acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
  • Malaria
  • syphilis
  • ebola

_____ and ____ pose the most occupational risk to a health care worker

A

bloodborne pathogens

Hepatitis and AIDS

77
Q

Inflammation of the liver, the organ that removes toxic substances from the bloodstream

  • caused by a viral infection, chemicals, drugs, or drinking alcohol
  • some infections are mild, producing no lasting effects on the liver
  • others are chronic and affect the livers ability to function over time, if liver failure is severe, the person will die unless he or she receives a liver transplant
A

Hepatitis

78
Q

Is not a bloodborne pathogen, transmitted through the oral-fecal route

A

Hep A

79
Q

Virus lives in the digestive of an infected person and leaves the body through feces

A

oral-fecal route

80
Q

Bloodborne pathogen, serious threat to healthcare workers, virus is found in blood, as well as other body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions

Healthcare workers can acquire through:

  • needle sticks
  • cuts from contaminated objects
  • exposure of broken skin
A

Hep B

81
Q

People can be infected by the virus and never develop symptoms but are able to transmit it to another person

A

carrier

82
Q

Bloodborne pathogen and is most common chronic viral Hep in the US

A

Hep C

83
Q

Bloodborne pathogen found only in people who already have Hep B
-vaccinations against Hep B can prevent this

A

Hep D

84
Q

Not a bloodborne, spread through oral-fecal route

  • common in country with poor sanitation controls
  • no vaccination for this
A

Hep E

85
Q

Bloodborne pathogen that:

  • transmitted through body fluid and blood
  • causes AIDS
  • affects bodies immune system

People with AIDS do not die from the virus itself, they die from infections that the body can no longer fight off
-no cure or vaccines

A

HIV—Human immunodeficiency virus

86
Q

The human immune system ___ and ____ pathogens

A

recognizes and destroys

87
Q

_____ are special white blood cells (leukocytes)
-one type recognize and kill cells infected by viruses
-the other type produce substances that help other cells
in the immune system to defend the body against the pathogens

A

T cells

88
Q

____ invades the T cells

  • uses the T cells to multiply and copy itself
  • eventually kills the T cell and moves on to repeat the process in other T cells
  • invades the cells that form new T cells causing the body to produce T cells that can not recognize pathogens

The body then becomes unable to recognize and fight off infections, leading to the condition known as ___

A

HIV

AIDS

89
Q

HIV, HBV, and HCV pose an occupational risk to health care workers

For these reasons, in the health care field, every pt or resident must be treated as if he or she may be infected with a bloodborne pathogen–thus, the term ____

A

standard precautions

90
Q

A _____, _____, _____ are worn if the possibility exists that blood or other body fluids could splash or spray

A

mask, face shield, and goggles

91
Q

Sharps, such as needles and razors, are disposed of properly in ____ approved containers

A

OSHA

92
Q

Broken glass is never handled, it is ____ or ____ for disposal
Spills of blood and other body fluids must be cleaned up promptly with an approved ____ _____
____ must be worn when cleaning up spills

A

swept or vacuumed

cleaning agent

personal protective equipment

93
Q

Hands must be washed when you remove your gloves

_____ is the single most important method of preventing the spread of infection

A

handwashing

94
Q
  • Employees must receive training on the risk associated with bloodborne pathogens and the methods they can use to safeguard themselves
  • Employers must make the Hep B vaccine available to workers who are at risk free of charge
  • Employers must provide adequate PPE as required by the emplyees duties
A

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standards

95
Q

_____ _____ _____, such as special ventilation systems, procedures for the disposal of liquid waste, and procedures for handling contaminated linen and trash must be in place to protect both employee and pts or residents

A

environmental control methods

96
Q

An updated ____ _____ _____ must be in place in case an employee is exposed to blood or other body fluids

  • stated what actions must be taken if employee is exposed
  • must be available in written form
  • must be available to all employees

It is the employees responsibility to report any exposure incidents, the employer is responsible for arranging appropriate medical tests for tx

A

exposure control plan

97
Q

Disease producing microbes that are transmitted through the air

  • spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and another person inhales the air containing the suspended pathogens
  • measles, chicken pox, and TB
  • vaccines are available for chicken pox and measles
  • no vaccines for TB
  • pose an occupational risk to health care workers
A

airborne pathogens

98
Q

Infection caused by bacteria present in the sputum of an infected person, spread by airborne droplets when the person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings

  • close contact with a person is most likely means yu will contract it
  • infects the lungs, kidneys and bones

A positive skin test indicates a person has either been exposed or vaccinated for it
-additional test such as blood test or chest xray may be done to confirm a person actually has it

A

tuberculosis (TB)

99
Q

____ precautions:

  • pts or residents known or suspected to be infected with an airborne pathogen are to be placed in private rooms with special _____ ____
  • health care workers should wear mask when working with someone with TB
  • If the healthcare worker has not been exposed to ___ or ____ (and is therefore not immune) they are at risk for these diseases and a mask should be worn
A

airborne

measles or chicken pox

100
Q

Airborne precautions:

  • A _____ should be placed over the pts or residents face to transport them
  • transport of the pt should be kept to a _____
  • all precautions for preventing the transmission of TB should be implemented
A

surgical mask

minimum

101
Q

An ____ is an unintended, unexpected event that has the potential for causing bodily harm

An ____ is an occurrence that is considered unusual, undesired or out the ordinary that disrupts the usual routine of the pt, or resident, or the facility

Both can involve pts, residents, staff, or visitors

A

accident

incident

102
Q

Facilities are required by ____ to maintain an environment that lowers the risk of accidents and incidents
Facilities achieve this by providing adequate supervision and assistance to pts and residents

A

OBRA

103
Q

Some factors that place people at risk for ____ are:

  • age
  • medication effects
  • paralysis
  • poor mobiilty
  • sensory impairment
  • limited awareness of surroundings
A

accidents

104
Q

Risk factor: _____

Infants are helpless

  • accidental suffocation
  • falls

Young children lack knowledge about things that are dangerous

  • falls
  • burns
  • poisoning and drowning

The elderly are at high risk for accidents because of the physical and mental effects of the aging process

A

age

105
Q

Risk factor: ____

Many medications can affect the ability of a person to be safe incuding

  • pain meds
  • meds that affect blood pressure

Effects of meds can be

  • dizziness
  • sedative effect
A

medication

106
Q

Risk factor:

The person is unable to move or feel part of the body is called ____

  • caused by a spinal cord injury or stroke
  • puts person at risk of falls, burns, and other injuries
A

paralysis

107
Q

Paralysis from the waist down ____

Paralysis from the neck down ____

Paralysis on one side of the body ____

A

paraplegia

quadriplegia

hemiplegia

108
Q

Risk factor: ____

Factors associated with ____ are

  • pain and stiffness from arthritis
  • condition that can cause a person to shuffle his feet when he walks (stroke)
  • injuries or surgeries involving the leg
A

poor mobility

109
Q

Risk factor: ____

Visual impairment can lead to
-falls, accidental poisoning

Hearing impairment can lead to
-road accidents, suffocation or fire accidents, accidental poisoning

Impaired sense of touch can lead to
-accidental burns

Impaired sense of smell can lead to
-food poisoning, suffocation, or fire accidents due to gas leak

A

sensory impairment

110
Q

Risk factor: ____

Confusion and disorientation caused by reactions to meds, head injury, dementia, and other medical conditions can lead to accidents

A person who is unconscious or comatose is totally unable to respond to their environment and needs assistance to remain safe

A

limited awareness of surroundings

111
Q

____ requirements that all staff must be alert for any potential unsafe condition

A

OBRA

112
Q

____ changes of aging

  • effects of medical condition
  • environmental conditions
Neurological changes
-takes longer to regain balance or change course
Sensory changes
-sense decrease with age, more difficult to detect and respond to danger
Musculoskeletal changes
-weaker, fatigue easily
Urinary changes
-increased frequency, incontinence
Respiratory changes
-shortness of breath during physical activity
Skin changes
-increased bruising and skin tears
A

physical

113
Q

Effects of ____ or ____:
-chronic health conditions, treatment or both can increase risk for accidents or incidents

Medications effects
-decreased blood pressure can cause dizziness when standing. may fall

A

medical condition or treatment

114
Q

A new resident is confused and disoriented by the change of ____, increased risk of accident or incidents
Many residents with varying degree of disabilities in one place

Long term care facilities are very busy, increased risk environmental hazards: clutter, slippery surfaces, poor listening, sun glare

A

environmental conditions

115
Q

Many accidents can be prevented

Most safety measures require an ____ ____ which helps protect others

A

extra step

116
Q

_____ are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the US among elderly
The most common causes are:
-functional decline
-hospital admission
-emotional trauma
-eventual placement in a nursing home facility for older people

A

falls

117
Q

Preventing ____:

  • elderly have decreased sense of touch
  • check water temp with thermometer before allowing pt or resident to get in tub, water between 105 F and 115 F (40.5 C and 46 C)
  • water for a bedbath can be hotter, between 110 F and 115 F (43.3 C and 46 C)
A

burns

118
Q
  • instruct the resident to check water temp if bathing self before getting in
  • use extreme care with heat applications
  • warn people with hot food or drink
  • use cups with lids, if pt or resident is weak or unsteady
  • follow guidelines when using electrical appliances

Preventing _____

A

burns

119
Q

Occurs when a person becomes trapped in the side rail or between the side rail and mattress

  • can result in severe injury or death
  • residents who are confused or have physical disabilities at the highest risk
  • always use side rails as ordered in the nursing care plan
  • perform frequent checks
  • use safety devices correctly
A

entrapment

120
Q

Elderly are at risk
-poor eyesight, confusion, decreased sense of taste or smell
Takes too much or the wrong meds
To minimize risk:
-properly store household chemicals
-keep household cleaners and chemicals locked up
-make sure all containers are clearly marked with contents
-provide help with reading labels

A

accidental poisoning

121
Q

An accident should be reported immediately and an _____ should be completed promptly

  • it is to completed in an objective and nonjudgemental way, without blaming anyone
  • used by quality assurance department
  • important for follow up
  • may show trend and suggest changes to prevent future accidents
A

incident (occurrence) report

122
Q

_____ are used to:

  • restrict persons freedom of movement
  • prevent a person from reaching parts of their body
  • confine a person to a bed or chair
  • prevent movement of a specific body part
A

restraints

123
Q

Device that is attached to or near a persons body to limit a persons freedom or movement to access their body
-wrists
-ankles
-chest
-waist
-arms and elbows
Some types of chairs or attachments to chairs can act as restraints
The side rails of beds or tightly tucked sheets can act as restraints
Not permitting a person free access to other rooms or parts of the facility is also considered a form of restraint

A

physical restraints

124
Q

Any medication that alters a persons mood or behavior

  • sedatives or tranquilizers
  • used to calm an anxious, combative, or agitated person
  • not used for staff convenience
  • should not be used in so high dose to make a person sleepy or unable to function to normal fashion
A

chemical restraints

125
Q

Situations where the use of ____ may be appropriate:

  • fall risk but will not stay in bed or chair and cant call for help
  • a wanderer
  • person tries to remove tubing
  • combative person
  • person going through withdrawal
  • suicide precaution
A

restraints

126
Q

Guidelines from OBRA, Joint Commission, FDA

  • thorough assessment by health care team
  • benefits of using restraints must outweigh risks
  • improper use: false imprisonment
  • must understand and follow facilities policies
  • failure to follow policies could result in litigation
A

using restraints

127
Q

Complications associated with using _____:

  • strangulation, can lead to death
  • bruises, nerve damage, skin abrasions
  • permanent tissue damage from impaired blood flow
  • broken bones
  • pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and blood clots
  • incontinence
  • mental effect such as agitation, increased confusion, humiliation, and embarrassment
A

restraints

128
Q

_____ must be sought and used before retraining
-must document use
Alternatives:
-provide environment where person feels safe and secure
-volunteers to sit with and interact with resident
-pressure sensitive bed, sounds alarm
-wandering monitoring system attached to wheelchair or wrist or ankle, sounds alarm

A

restraint alternatives

129
Q
  • provide frequent attention
  • explain procedure and reassure person
  • get help from family members
  • use postural supports
  • use bed control bolsters instead of side rails
A

restraint alternatives

130
Q
  • only a doctor can order a restraint
  • follow facilities policies regarding application and use of restraints
  • only a RN or LPN can apply a restraint
  • nursing assistants are responsible for providing care while person is restrained
  • report sign of trouble
A

applying restraints

131
Q

Types of ____:

  • vest
  • wrist
  • ankle
  • lap
  • waist (belt)
A

restraints

132
Q

Changing ____ helps us stay comfortable and prevents complications resulting from speading long periods of time in the same ____
In health care setting, a person may need to get into a certain ____ to have a procedure done, or to recover from one

A

position

133
Q

A person may be unable to shift ____ without help because of:

  • surgery
  • body cast
  • traction
  • total or partial paralysis
  • unconsciousness or come
  • weakness from disease or disability
A

positions

134
Q

Some of the most serious ____ affect the skin, bones and muscles, lungs, and the heart are:

  • pressure ulcers (skin)
  • contractions (bones and muscles)
  • pneumonia (lungs)
  • blood clots (heart)
A

complications

135
Q

Proper positioning is necessary for good ____ and may help relieve some of the discomfort associated with a persons medical condition
-person is positioned so their spine is not twisted or crooked

A

body alignment

136
Q

To check for ____, imagine a line that connects nose, breastbone, and pubic bone, and continues between the knees and ankles
The line should be straight whether the person is lying on his or her back, side or abdomen

A

alignment

137
Q

_____ are needed to keep the person in proper body alignment

  • learning to position these supports correctly is essential
  • proper use helps to keep your pts safe and comfortable
A

supportive devices

138
Q 
\_\_\_\_ include:
-pillows
-rolled sheets
-rolled towels
-rolled blankets
Designed specifically for the purpose of offering support
A

supportive devices

139
Q

When a person is laying on their back

A

supine (dorsal recumbent) position

140
Q

The head of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees

A

Fowler’s

141
Q

Head of the bed is elevated 30 to 45 degrees

A

semi-Fowlers

142
Q

Head of the bed is elevated 60 to 90 degrees

A

high-Fowlers

143
Q

Pt is laying on abdomen and head is turned to on side

A

Prone

144
Q

Extreme side lying position that is almost prone

A

Sims

145
Q

Proper ____ holds a persons body in correct alignment while they are sitting in a chair

A

sitting position

146
Q

Pt is lying on their side

A

lateral

147
Q

People who are being moved in bed are particularly at risk for ____ and ____ injuries if they are not moved properly

A

shearing and friction

148
Q

Caused by pulling a person across a sheet or other surface that offers resistance
-the skin is dragged in a direction opposite that of the underlying tissue and muscles, injuring the blood vessels and connective tissue under the skin and resulting in skin breakdown

A

shearing

149
Q

Occurs when two surfaces, such as a sheet and the persons skin, rub against each other
-can injure the skin and contribute to a skin breakdown

A

friction

150
Q

Risk of ____ and ____ can be minimized by rolling or lifting

A

shearing and friction

151
Q

Procedures for _____ a person include:

  • moving a person to the side of the bed
  • helping a person to move up in bed
  • raising a persons head and shoulders
  • turning a person onto his or her side
  • logrolling a person
A

repositioning

152
Q

When moving a person in bed always use a _____

-check for wrinkles underneath the person after moving

A

lift sheet

153
Q

Used to move a who has had back surgery or an injury to neck or spine

A

logrolling

154
Q

Persons ability to stand on one or both legs

A

weight bearing

155
Q

A webbed or woven belt with a buckle that is used to assist a weak or unsteady person with standing, walking, or transferring

When used to help a person walk it is called a ____

A

transfer belt

gait belt

156
Q

A person who needs a transfer may feel weak, shaky, frightened, or embarrassed
-always explain the ____ procedure

A

transfer

157
Q

_____ are common during the act of transferring
The use of _____ is an effective way to help prevent work related injuries
-lift sheets
-side rails
-transfer boards
-roller boards
-mechanical lifts

A

accidents

assist devices

158
Q

Transferring with _____:

  • make sure no broken or missing parts
  • wheels turn smoothly and any safety straps are secure
  • braked hold well
  • foot rest are folded up and swiveled to the side or removed before setting or removing pt
A

wheelchair

159
Q

_____ are used to transport people to other parts of the facility for surgery or diagnostic testing, also used on critically ill and comatose pts

A

stretchers

160
Q

_____ is the first step for someone who is going to get out of bed and walk, it allows time for the heart and blood vessels to make up for the change in position
-when a person has been in bed, for a long time, sitting up and then standing causes blood to flow to the legs and away from the head causing dizziness and fainting

A

dangling

161
Q

____ should be specially fitted to the individual and not shared to ensure safety

  • walkers
  • canes
  • crutches
A

devices

Nursing Assistant (8 decks)

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