Chapters 2/3

Question 0

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 0

The compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy.

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base.

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid.

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose.

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body.

Question 5

Lipid

Answer 5

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.

Question 6

Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA.

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

(1)a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell; (2)cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord.

Question 10

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 10

The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

The structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Barlike body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption.

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus.

Question 15

Cytosol

Answer 15

The part of the cytoplasm that is not held by any of the organelles in the cell.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

The rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation.

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

A membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is another packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

A network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 22

Centrioles

Answer 22

A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division.

Question 23

Template

Answer 23

A strand of DNA which sets the genetic sequence of new strands.

Question 24

Gene

Answer 24

Biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information.

Question 25

Anticodon

Answer 25

A sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis.

Question 26

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 26

One of the primary tissues; covers the surface of the body and lines the body cavities, ducts, and vessels.

Question 27

Gland

Answer 27

An organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination.

Question 28

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 28

Nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cells.

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

Core of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

Question 30

Ligaments

Answer 30

A cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones.