Chapter 5 Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.
Amphiarthroses
A slightly movable joint
Articular cartilage
The cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the bones forming a synovial joint.
Articulations
Joint; point where two bones meet.
Axial skeleton
The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
Bony thorax
Bones of the thorax, including ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae.
Cartilaginous joint
Joints connected entirely by cartilage. Allows more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint.
Compact bone
Dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces that contain the bone cells
Diaphysis
The main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone.
Pelvic girdle
Incomplete bony basin formed by the two coxal bones that secures the lower limbs to the sacrum of the axial skeleton.
Periosteum
Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone
Red marrow
Flexible tissue in the interior of bones. Found mostly in the flat bones.
Short bones
Bones that are as wide as they are long.
Shoulder girdle
Composite of two bones, scapula and clavicle, that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton; also called the pectoral girdle.
Skull
Bony enclosure for the brain.
Diarthroses
A freely movable joint.
Epiphyseal plate
Area at the long end of a bone that contains growing bone.
Epiphysis
The end of a long bone
Fibrous joint
Connections between bones that are held together by fibrous connective tissue that includes many collagen fibers
Flat bones
Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. Their shape is flattened, not rounded. Examples include the skill and ribs. Flat bones have marrow, but not a bone marrow cavity.
Intervertebral disks
The disks of fibrocartilage between the vertebrae
Irregular bones
Classification of bones that refer to the bones that do not fit into the other classifications.
Ligaments
Tissue connecting bone to bone
Long bones
Bones that are longer in length than in width.
Spongy bone
Network of irregularly-shaped sheets and spikes of bone.
Synarthroses
An immovable joint
Synovial joint
Freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity enclosed by an articular (fibrous) capsule lined with synovial membrane.
Vertebral column
The spine, formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx)
Yellow marrow
Bone marrow in which fat cells dominate.
