Chapter 7

Question 0

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 0

The division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Question 1

Afferent Neuron

Answer 1

Nerve cells that carry impulses toward the central nervous system.

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.

Question 3

Brain Stem

Answer 3

The portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain.

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

Part of the hind-brain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity.

Question 6

Cerebral Hemisphere

Answer 6

Highest level of the Central Nervous System; divided into right and left hemisphere.

Question 7

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 7

The fluid produced by choroid plexuses; fills the ventricles and surrounds the central nervous system.

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

The branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell.

Question 9

Deplorization

Answer 9

The loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane.

Question 10

Efferent Neuron

Answer 10

Neurons that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system.

Question 11

Ganglion

Answer 11

A group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

Gray Matter

Answer 12

The gray area of the central nervous system; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies.

Question 13

Interneurons

Answer 13

Completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons; also called an association neuron.

Question 14

Meninges

Answer 14

The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

Myelin

Answer 15

A white, fatty lipid substance.

Question 16

Nerve

Answer 16

Bundle of neuronal processes (axons) outside the central nervous system.

Question 17

Neurolgia

Answer 17

The nonneuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glia.

Question 18

Neurons

Answer 18

Cells of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages throughout the body.

Question 19

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 19

Periodic gap in the insulating sheath on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 20

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 20

A system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system.

Question 21

Plexus

Answer 21

A network of interlacing nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

Question 22

Polarization

Answer 22

The state of an unstimulated neuron or muscle cell in which the inside of the cell is relatively negative in comparison to the outside; the resting state.

Question 23

Receptor

Answer 23

A peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli.

Question 24

Reflex

Answer 24

Automatic reaction to a stimulus.

Question 25

Repolarization

Answer 25

Restoration of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state.

Question 26

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 26

A division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system.

Question 27

Synapse

Answer 27

The region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell.

Question 28

White Matter

Answer 28

White substance of the central nervous system; the myelinated nerve fibers.