Chapter 6 Flashcards
Acetylcholine
A chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings.
Abduction
The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part.
Actin
A contractile protein
Action potential
An electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity.
Adduction
To move toward the midline of the body
Aerobic respiration
Respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.
Anaerobic glycolysis
A metabolic process in which glucose is broken down without the use of oxygen.
Antagonists
Muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover.
Aponeuroses
Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves.
Creatine Phosphate
Found in muscle fibers but not other cell types
Dorsiflexion
Lifting foot towards shin
Extension
Increase in angle between bones
Fixators
Muscles to immobilize joints
Flexion
Decreases the angle between bones
Insertion
Moveable attachment of a muscle opposed to its origin
Lactic Acid
Product of anaerobic metabolism
Motor Unit
Motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it supplies
Myofibrils
Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells
Myosin
Principle contractile proteins
Neuromuscular junction
Where motor neurons come into close contact with skeletal muscle
Neurotransmitter
Chemical released by neurons that may stimulate or inhibit them
Origin
Attachment of muscle
Oxygen debt
Amount of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercise
Plantar flexion
Bottom of foot flexed
Prime mover
Muscle whose contractions are primarily responsible for a particular movement; agonist.
Pronation
The inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna- palms face posteriorly
Supination
The outward rotation of the forearm causing palms to face anteriorly
Synaptic cleft
The fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons.
Synergists
Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement.
Tendons
Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
