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Sophomore Chemistry > Chapters 2/3 > Flashcards

Chapters 2/3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Seven most abundant elements in the universe

A

Hydrogen helium oxygen neon

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1
Q

Seven most abundant elements on earth

A

Oxygen silicon aluminum iron

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2
Q

Top 10 elements in the human body

A

Oxygen carbon hydrogen nitrogen

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3
Q

A charged atom produced by adding or taking away electrons

A

Ion

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4
Q

A positively charged particle

A

Cation

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5
Q

A negatively charged particle

A

Anion

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6
Q

When a compound forms between metals and nonmetals and contains ions; must have a net charge of zero

A

Ionic compound

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7
Q

Atomic Theory

A

States that
All matter is composed of atoms
Atoms of a given element are identical
Atoms can’t be subdivided created or destroyed (not true)
Atoms of different elements can combine in ratios to form chemical compounds
In chemical reactions Atoms are combined separated or rearranged

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8
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

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9
Q

Law of definite composition

A

Compound has definite composition in contrast to a mixture

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10
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

Elements can form to or more compounds each with a different but definite proportion

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11
Q

J.J. Thomson

A

Used cathode ray tube to determine the presence of electrons; discovered them

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12
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Conducted a gold foil experiment discovering the existence of a positive nucleus with electrons around it

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13
Q

James Chadwick

A

Discovered the neutron

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14
Q

Robert Millikan

A

Calculated the mass of the electron

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15
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Hydrogen nitrogen oxygen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine

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16
Q

Democritus

A

Called particles atoms

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17
Q

John Dalton

A

Father of the atom; wrote the atomic theory

18
Q

Different forms of a given element

A

Allotropes

19
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

A

In a chemical change matter is neither created nor destroyed

20
Q

Matter with the same fixed composition and properties

A

Pure substance

21
Q

Two or more pure substances together

A

Mixture

22
Q

A make sure in which substances aren’t thoroughly mixed

A

Heterogeneous

23
Q

A mixture in which substances are thoroughly mixed

A

Homogeneous/solution

24
Q

A pure substance made of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion

A

Compound

25
Q

Simplest form of matter; consists of one type of atom

A

Element

26
Q

Characteristics of a substance (substance doesn’t change)

A

Physical property

27
Q

A substances ability to form new substances (only observed when the identity of a substance changes)

A

Chemical property

28
Q

Changes that don’t affect the composition of a substance

A

Physical change

29
Q

A change in the fundamental components of a substance

A

Chemical change

30
Q

Depends upon an amount of a substance

A

Extensive property

31
Q

Doesn’t change according to size

A

Intensive property

32
Q

Compound breaks down into its elemental components (chemical change)

A

Decomposition

33
Q

Method of separating compounds in a mixture by evaporation (physical change)

A

Distillation

34
Q

Method of separating compounds using a filter

A

Filtration

35
Q

Elements with similar chemical properties that lie in the same column on the periodic table

A

Groups

36
Q

Efficiently conduct heat and electricity; malleable, ductile, and lustrous

A

Metals

37
Q

Lack properties that characterize metals and show more variation in properties

A

Nonmetals

38
Q

Show a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties

A

Metalloids/semimetals

39
Q

Relatively unreactive metals

A

Noble metals

40
Q

Relatively unreactive gases (group 8)

A

Noble gases

41
Q

A solution in which water is the solvent

A

Aqueous solution

42
Q

Has mass and occupies space; can be broken down

A

Matter

43
Q

Made up of atoms that are stuck together

A

Molecule

Sophomore Chemistry (17 decks)

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