Chapters 2/3

Question 0

Seven most abundant elements in the universe

Answer 0

Hydrogen helium oxygen neon

Question 1

Seven most abundant elements on earth

Answer 1

Oxygen silicon aluminum iron

Question 2

Top 10 elements in the human body

Answer 2

Oxygen carbon hydrogen nitrogen

Question 3

A charged atom produced by adding or taking away electrons

Answer 3

Ion

Question 4

A positively charged particle

Answer 4

Cation

Question 5

A negatively charged particle

Answer 5

Anion

Question 6

When a compound forms between metals and nonmetals and contains ions; must have a net charge of zero

Answer 6

Ionic compound

Question 7

Atomic Theory

Answer 7

States that
All matter is composed of atoms
Atoms of a given element are identical
Atoms can’t be subdivided created or destroyed (not true)
Atoms of different elements can combine in ratios to form chemical compounds
In chemical reactions Atoms are combined separated or rearranged

Question 8

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 8

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

Question 9

Law of definite composition

Answer 9

Compound has definite composition in contrast to a mixture

Question 10

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 10

Elements can form to or more compounds each with a different but definite proportion

Question 11

J.J. Thomson

Answer 11

Used cathode ray tube to determine the presence of electrons; discovered them

Question 12

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 12

Conducted a gold foil experiment discovering the existence of a positive nucleus with electrons around it

Question 13

James Chadwick

Answer 13

Discovered the neutron

Question 14

Robert Millikan

Answer 14

Calculated the mass of the electron

Question 15

Diatomic molecules

Answer 15

Hydrogen nitrogen oxygen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine

Question 16

Democritus

Answer 16

Called particles atoms

Question 17

John Dalton

Answer 17

Father of the atom; wrote the atomic theory

Question 18

Different forms of a given element

Answer 18

Allotropes

Question 19

Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

Answer 19

In a chemical change matter is neither created nor destroyed

Question 20

Matter with the same fixed composition and properties

Answer 20

Pure substance

Question 21

Two or more pure substances together

Answer 21

Mixture

Question 22

A make sure in which substances aren’t thoroughly mixed

Answer 22

Heterogeneous

Question 23

A mixture in which substances are thoroughly mixed

Answer 23

Homogeneous/solution

Question 24

A pure substance made of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion

Answer 24

Compound

Question 25

Simplest form of matter; consists of one type of atom

Answer 25

Element

Question 26

Characteristics of a substance (substance doesn't change)

Answer 26

Physical property

Question 27

A substances ability to form new substances (only observed when the identity of a substance changes)

Answer 27

Chemical property

Question 28

Changes that don't affect the composition of a substance

Answer 28

Physical change

Question 29

A change in the fundamental components of a substance

Answer 29

Chemical change

Question 30

Depends upon an amount of a substance

Answer 30

Extensive property

Question 31

Doesn't change according to size

Answer 31

Intensive property

Question 32

Compound breaks down into its elemental components (chemical change)

Answer 32

Decomposition

Question 33

Method of separating compounds in a mixture by evaporation (physical change)

Answer 33

Distillation

Question 34

Method of separating compounds using a filter

Answer 34

Filtration

Question 35

Elements with similar chemical properties that lie in the same column on the periodic table

Answer 35

Groups

Question 36

Efficiently conduct heat and electricity; malleable, ductile, and lustrous

Answer 36

Metals

Question 37

Lack properties that characterize metals and show more variation in properties

Answer 37

Nonmetals

Question 38

Show a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties

Answer 38

Metalloids/semimetals

Question 39

Relatively unreactive metals

Answer 39

Noble metals

Question 40

Relatively unreactive gases (group 8)

Answer 40

Noble gases

Question 41

A solution in which water is the solvent

Answer 41

Aqueous solution

Question 42

Has mass and occupies space; can be broken down

Answer 42

Matter

Question 43

Made up of atoms that are stuck together

Answer 43

Molecule