Chapter 10

Question 1

Energy due to position or composition

Answer 1

Potential energy

Question 2

Energy due to the motion of the object

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

Energy can be converted but can be neither created nor destroyed

Answer 3

Law of conservation of energy

Question 4

Force acting over a distance

Answer 4

Work

Question 5

A property of the system that changes independently of its pathway

Answer 5

State function

Question 6

A measure of the random motions of the components of a substance

Answer 6

Temperature

Question 7

A flow of energy due to temperature difference

Answer 7

Heat

Question 8

The part of the universe on which we wish to focus attention

Answer 8

System

Question 9

Everything in the universe besides the system

Answer 9

Surroundings

Question 10

Energy flows out of the system

Answer 10

Exothermic

Question 11

Energy flows into a system

Answer 11

Endothermic

Question 12

Study of energy

Answer 12

Thermodynamic

Question 13

The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all “particles” in the system

Answer 13

Internal energy(E)

Question 14

The energy of the universe is constant

Answer 14

First law of thermodynamics

Question 15

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Answer 15

Calorie

Question 16

Unit of measurement for energy (1cal=4.184J)

Answer 16

Joule

Question 17

The amount of energy required to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree of Celsius

Answer 17

Specific heat capacity

Question 18

At constant pressure, change in enthalpy equals energy flow as heat

Answer 18

Enthalpy

Question 19

A device used to determine the heat associated with a chemical reaction

Answer 19

Calorimeter

Question 20

In going from a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the change in enthalpy is the same despite the number of steps

Answer 20

Hess’s law

Question 21

A fuel with carbon-based molecules derived from the composition of once-living organisms

Answer 21

Fossil fuels

Question 22

A thick, dark liquid composed of hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Petroleum

Question 23

Consists mostly of methane and is associated with petroleum deposits

Answer 23

Natural gas

Question 24

Formed from the remains of plants that were buried and subjected to high pressure and heat over long periods of time

Answer 24

Coal

Question 25

A warming effect exerted by certain molecules in the atmosphere

Answer 25

Greenhouse effect

Question 26

In a given process,concentrated energy is spread widely

Answer 26

Energy spread

Question 27

Molecules of a substance are spread out; occupy a larger volume

Answer 27

Matter spread

Question 28

Physical state of an element in its pure form at a particular pressure and temperature

Answer 28

Standard state of a substance

Question 29

Energy change occurring during individual reactions in the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements

Answer 29

Standard enthalpy of formation

Question 30

Happens without problems

Answer 30

Spontaneous

Question 31

The ability to do work or produce heat

Answer 31

Energy