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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Chapters 19&20 > Flashcards

Chapters 19&20 Flashcards

1
Q

What transports oxygen to the rest of the body

A

blood

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2
Q

Colloid

A

liquid containing suspended substances that don’t settle out of solution

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3
Q

Albumins

A

osmotic pressure, most abundant protein in plasma

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4
Q

Globulins

A

transports lipids, carbohydrates. hormones, ions, antibodies, and complement

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5
Q

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

A

contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen

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6
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

only and largest formed element with a nucleus

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7
Q

Agranulocytes

A

monocytes

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8
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

cell fragments hat form plugs and assist in clotting

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9
Q

Myeoblasts

A

develop into basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils

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10
Q

An immature red blood cell

A

reticulocyte

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11
Q

Red blood cell components are

A

1/3 hemoglobin

2/3 Lipids, and ATP

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12
Q

70% of what is transported as bicarbonate

A

carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3) reacts with what

A

water

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14
Q

What metal is required to make hemoglobin

A

Iron

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15
Q

Increased altitude causes red blood cells to what

A

increase production

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16
Q

What does hemoglobin break down into

A

biliruben

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17
Q

Diapedesis

A

becomes thin, elongate and move either between or through endothelial cells of capillaries

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18
Q

Chemotaxis

A

attraction to and movement toward foreign materials or damaged cells

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19
Q

Puss

A

an accumulation of dead white blood cells and bacteria

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20
Q

What cells have a type of sense of smell to locate foreign matter in the body and attack

A

white blood cells

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21
Q

Neutrophils

A

account for 60-70 percent of white blood cells

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22
Q

Eosiniphils

A

help destroy tapeworm, flukes, pinworms, and hookworms

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23
Q

Monocytes

A

macrophages

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24
Q

What clots the blood

A

platelets

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25
Q

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is what stage of clotting

A

3rd

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26
Q

Proteins found in plasma hat remain inactive until bleeding begins are what

A

coagulation factors

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27
Q

Does fibrogen dissolve in plasma

A

yes

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28
Q

A blood clot is

A

a network of threadlike fibrins

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29
Q

Extrensic clotting pathways begins

A

outside the blood

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30
Q

Intrinsic clotting pathways begin

A

inside the blood

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31
Q

Plasmin breaks the fibrin molecules and therefore the what into smaller pieces

A

clot

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32
Q

The universal recipient blood type

A

AB

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33
Q

The universal donor blood type

A

O

34
Q

Type A blood has anti __ antibodies

A

anti Byo

35
Q

Type B blood has anti __ antibodies

A

anti A

36
Q

If a mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+ what happens

A

mothers body begins to create antibodies against the Rh

37
Q

4 chambered muscular pump

A

heart

38
Q

Bottom of the heart is called what

A

Apex

39
Q

Top of the heart is called what

A

base

40
Q

Epicardium

A

outer surface of the heart

41
Q

Myocardium

A

most of the heart is made of this tissue

42
Q

Musculi Pectiniti (pectinate muscles)

A

muscular ridges in auricles and right atrial wall

43
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles

44
Q

What two veins dump into the coronary sinus

A

Great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein

45
Q

Balloon angioplasty

A

when they feed a tube through the femoral artery to the heart then inflate it to break up the blockage

46
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

chest pain caused by lack of blood to the heart

47
Q

Chordae Tendinae

A

attaches to papillary muscles

48
Q

Papillary muscles

A

prevents AV valve from pertruding into the atrium

49
Q

Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located

A

between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

50
Q

Ejection phase

A

when the left ventricle pressure increases and pushes blood out of the aorta

51
Q

Heart Skeleton

A

provides site for muscle attachment

52
Q

Intercalated disks

A

specialized cell to cell contacts

53
Q

Gap junctions allow action potential to do what

A

move from one cell to the next

54
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is

A

the SA node

55
Q

Atrioventicular bundle

A

extend through the av septum

56
Q

Purkinjie fibers

A

inferior to the AV bundle terminal ends

57
Q

Apex

A

ventricular contraction begins here

58
Q

The Conduction system

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundle
  4. right and left bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
59
Q

Action potential conducted more slowly here than in any other part of the system

A

AV node

60
Q

When sodium channel opens it is what phase

A

depolarization phase

61
Q

Plateau phase

A

when calcium channels open (prevents tetanus of cardiac muscle)

62
Q

Cardiac muslce

A

conducts from cell to cell

63
Q

Skeletal is faster due to

A

larger diameter fibers

64
Q

Repolarization phase

A

voltage gated calcium channels close

voltage gated potassium channels open

65
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

cannot contract again

66
Q

What does long refractory periods prevent

A

tetanic contraction (cramping)

67
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

68
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

69
Q

Systole

A

ventricular contraction

70
Q

Period of isovolumetric contraction

A

both ventricles contract period of ejaculation follows

71
Q

Passive ventricular filling

A

blood flows into the relaxed ventricles, accounting for most of the ventricular filling(70%)

72
Q

First heart sound (Lubb)

A

when AV valve closes

73
Q

Second heart sound (Dupp)

A

when semilunar valve closes

74
Q

Incompitent valves

A

allows wrong way blood flow

75
Q

Murmur

A

turbulence through the blood flow valves

76
Q

MAP = CO X PR

A

mean atrial pressure = cardiac output x peripheral resistance

77
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation

A

normal everyday supplied by vagus nerve and decreases heart rate

78
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

fight or flight response releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increases force of contraction

79
Q

Main thing that increases heart rate is

A

the need to get rid of carbon dioxide

80
Q

High levels of CO2 does what to heart rate

A

increases

81
Q

When body temperature increases

A

heart rate increases

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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