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BOC Study > Chapters 18-25 > Flashcards

Chapters 18-25 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the sesamoid bones of the foot?

A

Reduce pressure in weight bearing, increase mechanical advantage of flexor tendons, and act as sliding pulleys for tendons

Page 497

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2
Q

T/F: The first metatarsal is the largest and strongest and functions as the main weight-bearing support during walking/running

A

True

Page 497

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3
Q

What are common injuries seen with excessive/prolonged probation?

A

Stress fracture of 2nd metatarsal, plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendinitis, Achilles tendinitis, tibial stress fracture, and medial knee pain

Page 507

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4
Q

What are injuries commonly seen with excessive supination?

A

Inversion ankle sprains, tibial stress syndrome, peroneal tendinitis, IT band friction syndrome, and tronchanteric bursitis

Page 507

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5
Q

T/F: people with pronation need a shoe with stability and firmness to reduce this excess movement

A

True

Page 507

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6
Q

T/F: A Morton’s toe is when the 2nd metatarsal is extremely long, making it longer than the first.

A

False.

It is a abnormally short 1st metatarsal

Page 515

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7
Q

What bones make up the ankle joint?

A

Tibia, fibula, and talus

Page 535

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8
Q

T/F: The lower 1/3 of the tibia is the most common site for fracture because this is where the bone changes from triangular to rounded shape.

A

True

Page 535

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9
Q

What movements occur at the subtalar and talocrural joints?

A

Subtalar- inversion, eversion, probation, and supination

Talocrural- dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

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10
Q

What are things that can be worked on to decrease chance of ankle sprains?

A 
Achilles' tendon stretching
Strength training
Neuromuscular control training
Footwear
Taping/orthoses
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11
Q

T/F: 2/3 of all first time ankle sprains develop into chronic ankle instability

A

False

1/3

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12
Q

Which meniscus is oval and which is C shaped?

A

Oval- lateral
C- medial

Page 570

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13
Q

Describe the paths of the ACL and PCL.

A

ACL: anterior medial to posterior lateral

PCL: posterior lateral to anterior medial (stinger of the 2)

Page 571

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14
Q

What knee ligaments prevent valgus forces?

A

MCL and ACL

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15
Q

What structures help protect the knee against varus forces?

A

LCL, IT band, popliteus muscle, biceps femoris muscle

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16
Q

What are the normal measures for Q -angles?

A

Males: 10 degrees
Females: 15 degrees

Page 590

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17
Q

What nerve wraps around the head of the fibula?

A

Peroneal nerve

Page 595

18
Q

Which bursae of the knee are most likely to become inflammed?

A

Prepatellar
Deep infrapatellar
Suprapatellar

Page 602

19
Q

What are possible diagnoses for a knee that gives away or catches?

A

Subluxating patella
Meniscal tear
ACL tear
Hemarthrosis

Page 603

20
Q

What are the 3 stages of patellar tendonitis?

A

1) pain after activity
2) pain during and after activity
3) pain during activity and prolonged after activity (performance affected)

Page 308

21
Q

T/F: the vastus lateralis acts as a stabilizer for patella tracking.

A

False: VMO

Page 619

22
Q

What are the instances in which myositis ossificans can occur?

A

Single severe impact
Repeated impact to soft tissue
Improper care of a contusion

Page 624

23
Q

What is the position of the hip with a femoral fracture?

A

ER and slightly adducted

Page 627

24
Q

T/F: stress fractures on the medial side of the femoral neck tend to heal well with conservative management while stress fractures on the lateral side of the femoral neck are more likely to displace eventually and cause additional complications

A

True

Page 627

25
Q

What’s the function of the ligamentum Teres in the head of the femur?

A

To transport nutrients vessel to the head of the femur

Page628

26
Q

Describe the iliofemoral ligament of the hip.

A

Strongest ligament in body. Prevents hyperextension, controls ER And ADD. Reinforces anterior aspect of capsule

Page 629

27
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Excessive ABD

28
Q

What does the ischiofemofal ligament prevent?

A

Excessive IR and ADD

PAGE 629

29
Q

What muscles contribute to the anterior tilting of the pelvis

A

Iliopsoas, hip flexor s, lumbar extensors

Page 632

30
Q

What muscles contribute to posterior tilting of the pelvis?

A

Glute max, hamstrings, rectus abdominus/obliquues

Page632

31
Q

T/F: Forces at the hip can increase up to 5x body weight during running.

A

True

Page 633

32
Q

What’s the normal value for the femoral neck angle, as well as anteversion/retro version?

A

Normal: 15 degrees
Ante: 35 degrees IR
Retro: 45 degrees ER

Page 634

33
Q

What position indicates a dislocated hip joint?

A

Flexed, IR, ADD

page 640

34
Q

What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

A

Most commonly affects boys age 3-10. Avascular necrosis of femoral head. Normally occurs over several months. May cause pain in groin, abdomen, or knee and walking with limp.

Page 642

35
Q

Describe the contour of the clavicle.

A

Medial 2/3: circular and convex

Lateral 1/3: flat and concave

Page 654

36
Q

What is a SICK scapula?

A

S: scapular malposition
I: inferior medial scapular winging
C: coracoid tenderness
K: kinesis abnormalities of the scapula

Page 680

37
Q

What are normal values for carrying angle of the arm?

A

Female: 10-15 degrees
Male: 5-10 degrees

Page 703

38
Q

Entrapment of what nerve causes the patient to not be able to pinch index finger and thumb together?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

Page 705

39
Q

What is Panner’s Disease?

A

Osteochondritis in children younger than 10 (in the elbow)

Page 709

40
Q

What factors predispose an individual for cubital tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Traction injury from valgus force
  • Irregularities within the tunnel
  • Subluxation of ulnar nerve because of lax ligament
  • A progressive compression of the ligament on nerve

Page 710

41
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are most likely to be fractured?

A

4,5,6

Page 777

42
Q

What are the classifications of herniations?

A

Prolapsed
Extruded
Sequestered

Page 788

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