Chapters 17/18

Question 1

Tidal volume

Answer 1

Volume of air entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath

Question 2

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

Extra volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond tidal volume

Question 3

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 3

Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume

Question 4

Exploratory reserve volume

Answer 4

Extra volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond tidal volume

Question 5

Residual volume

Answer 5

Volume of air remaining in lungs following maximal expiration

Question 6

Vital capacity

Answer 6

The amount of air that can be force out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration

Question 7

Functional residual capacity

Answer 7

The amount of air left in the lungs after a tidal breath out (expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume)

Question 8

Total lung capacity

Answer 8

The volume of gas contained in the lung at the end of maximal inspiration

Question 9

Hypoventilation

Answer 9

PCO2 un alveoli increases

PO2 decreases

Question 10

Hyperventilation

Answer 10

PCO2 decreases

PO2 increases

Question 11

External respiration

Answer 11

Atmosphere to lungs-gas exchange from lungs to blood-transport of gases through blood-exchange of gasses between blood and tissues

Question 12

Law of LaPlace

Answer 12

Surface tension is created by the thin fluid layer between alveolar cells and the air. The smaller bubble will have higher pressure

Question 13

Boyle’s law

Answer 13

For a closed system of constant temperature (P1V1=P2V2)

Question 14

Dalton’s law

Answer 14

Total pressure of a fade mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each Gad

Question 15

Hemoglobin

Answer 15

4 globular protein chains each containing an identical gene group

Question 16

Bohr shift

Answer 16

pH- exercise leads to a build up of H+ atoms. Changes in PCO2. When pH drops the shift shifts to the right (hemoglobin releases more O2)

Question 17

Oxygen binding

Answer 17

• 2,3-DPG builds up in blood after prolonged hypoxia

- allosterix bonding to deoxybemoglobin (releases remaineder of O2)

Question 18

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 18

Located in carotid and aortic arteries, specialized in Glomus cells, sense changes in PO2, path and PCO2

Question 19

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 19

Monitor CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid. Receptor activity sensitive to H+

Question 20

Alveolar pressure

Answer 20

Low during inspiration and high during expiration

Question 21

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 21

Low during inspiration and high during expiration

Question 22

Volume of air moved

Answer 22

High during inspiration and low during expiration.

Question 23

Compliance

Answer 23

The ability of the lungs to expand. The volume change that could occur

Question 24

Elastance

Answer 24

The pressure change that is required to elicit a unit volume change. Opposite of compliance