Chapters 17/18 Flashcards
Tidal volume
Volume of air entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
Extra volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond tidal volume
Inspiratory capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume
Exploratory reserve volume
Extra volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond tidal volume
Residual volume
Volume of air remaining in lungs following maximal expiration
Vital capacity
The amount of air that can be force out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration
Functional residual capacity
The amount of air left in the lungs after a tidal breath out (expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume)
Total lung capacity
The volume of gas contained in the lung at the end of maximal inspiration
Hypoventilation
PCO2 un alveoli increases
PO2 decreases
Hyperventilation
PCO2 decreases
PO2 increases
External respiration
Atmosphere to lungs-gas exchange from lungs to blood-transport of gases through blood-exchange of gasses between blood and tissues
Law of LaPlace
Surface tension is created by the thin fluid layer between alveolar cells and the air. The smaller bubble will have higher pressure
Boyle’s law
For a closed system of constant temperature (P1V1=P2V2)
Dalton’s law
Total pressure of a fade mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each Gad
Hemoglobin
4 globular protein chains each containing an identical gene group
Bohr shift
pH- exercise leads to a build up of H+ atoms. Changes in PCO2. When pH drops the shift shifts to the right (hemoglobin releases more O2)
Oxygen binding
- 2,3-DPG builds up in blood after prolonged hypoxia
- allosterix bonding to deoxybemoglobin (releases remaineder of O2)
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Located in carotid and aortic arteries, specialized in Glomus cells, sense changes in PO2, path and PCO2
Central chemoreceptors
Monitor CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid. Receptor activity sensitive to H+
Alveolar pressure
Low during inspiration and high during expiration
Intrapleural pressure
Low during inspiration and high during expiration
Volume of air moved
High during inspiration and low during expiration.
Compliance
The ability of the lungs to expand. The volume change that could occur
Elastance
The pressure change that is required to elicit a unit volume change. Opposite of compliance
