Chapters 17,18&21

Question 1

Potosí

Answer 1

Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers & most populous cities in colonial Spanish America

Question 2

Encomienda

Answer 2

Grants of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor & periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians.

Question 3

Driver

Answer 3

A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did it’s work on a plantation.

Question 4

Middle Passage

Answer 4

Part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.

Question 5

Congress of Vienna

Answer 5

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon 1

Question 6

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 6

American intellectual, inventor & politician.

Helped negotiate French support for the American revolution.

Question 7

What was the Council of the Indies that was created in Spain in 1524 meant to do?

Answer 7

To put royal power in place over the populations

Question 8

Who were the Amerindians’ enemies of the French?

Answer 8

The Iroquois Confederacy

Question 9

The largest slave revolt took place in 1739 in South Carolina, was called what?

Answer 9

The Stono Rebellion

Question 10

Generally/Most of the time, the Atlantic African Slave Trade was based upon what kind type of partnership, with who?

Answer 10

European & African elites

Question 11

Both Muslims & Europeans obtained slaves from sub-Saharan Africa, BUT did what?

Answer 11

Islamic trade was much smaller

Question 12

In Virginia, the colonial government consisted of a governor, his council & representatives known as the what?

Answer 12

The House of Burgesses

Question 13

In the constitution, slaves would be accounted as 3/5 of a person. Why?

Answer 13

To give southern states more representatives

Question 14

Life expectancy for the 19th century Brazilian male slave was what?

Answer 14

23 years

Question 15

Despite the dominance of the French military, the British defeated Napoleon’s navy in 1805 at what city/ what place?

Answer 15

Trafalgar

Question 16

Before 1775, which of the following was not one of the tactics with which the European colonial settlers responded to British policies?

Answer 16

Declaring war on Britain

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the French Revolution?

Answer 17

It didn’t create an enduring form of representative democracy

Question 18

Household slaves in the Islamic world, mostly consisted of who?

Answer 18

Servants & concubines

Question 19

In 1787, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the estates general, the French national legislature, because….?

Answer 19

The French elite wouldn’t consent to new taxes

Question 20

Great circuit

Answer 20

Network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa & the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.

Question 21

Hausa

Answer 21

An agricultural & trading people of central Sudan in west Africa.

Question 22

The Atlantic System

Answer 22

Network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people & cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin.

Question 23

Joseph Brant

Answer 23

Mohawk leader who supported the British during the American revolution

Question 24

Coureurs de Bois

Answer 24

“Runner of the woods.”

French fur trader, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who often married with Amerindian people’s of North America

Question 25

Describe the major battles & turning points in the war. | Why did the British lose the american revolution, despite the fact that they won most of the battles?

Answer 25

1) British abandon Boston after bunker hill 2) Brits occupy NY following American defeat- Brooklyn heights battle 3) Saratoga 4) France: treaty of alliance 5) valley forge where American army winters 6) general Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown The British had a hard time getting supplies & they were more focused on their conflicts with France.

Question 26

What was the fiscal crisis that triggered the French Revolution?

Answer 26

By1780 poor harvest had increased the poor's cost of living & led to a decline on consumer demand for their products. The poor population grew, children were forced to work or given up, beggars wandered the streets...ETC

Question 27

Give a detailed description of the great circuit

Answer 27

From Europe, to Africa, to America's & it's the great circuit Some goods wee traded for west African gold, timber, etc. More goods went purchasing slaves on the middle passages. Slaves had horrible conditions. Infections & diseases spread too.

Question 28

Describe the Spanish & Portuguese objectives in ruling their lands in the Americas. What government system did they employ? & did they want to include the people's of the Americas in their culture?

Answer 28

Portuguese & Spain had controlled colonial governments. They sought to control the trade of their American colonies through convoy systems. They exerted direct control over the colonies through supervisory offices & viceroys. There were silver mines & sugar cane plantations. The Spanish wanted to rid the Americas of their traditional beliefs but resorted to torture & execution.

Question 29

Compare & contrast the different colonial regions established in British & North America. In what ways were they similar & different?

Answer 29

* English colonies: had major salve intake from Africa & opposed British control. * New France colonies had many natural resources. * Spanish colonies had many sugar cane plantations/silver mines. SIMILAR: all wanted to survive on their own with only help if they needed it.

Question 30

Why did the French & English take a century to colonize the America's after the Spanish & Portuguese? How are they similar & different?

Answer 30

* The French & English were distracted by civil wars & conflicts, so didn't really want to explore & had less resources. - neither country for easily acquired wealth or vast empties. The Spanish & Portuguese already taken the easy stuff. - instead of controlling American expansion through their national government, both countries acted through private corporations. - both colonized larger percentages of Europeans than their Iberian counter paths.