Chapter 14-16 Flashcards
New Monarchies (vocab)
(France, England & Spain)- centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits.
Three field system
Rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, & one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.
English civil war
Conflict over royal versus.
Parliamentary rights checked the growth of royal absolutism & with the glorious revolution & the English bill of rights ensured that England would be a constitutional monarchy.
Papacy
Central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.
Gothic cathedrals
Large churches originating in twelfth-century France; built by pointed arches, tall vaults & spires, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows.
Vasco da Gama
A Portuguese explorer.
Led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening a commercial sea route.
Arawak
Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.
Bartolommeo Dias
A Portuguese explorer.
Led the first expedition to sail sound the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic & sight of the Indian Ocean.
Moctezuma
Last aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.
Atahualpa
Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru.
Executed by the Spanish.
The 3 field system was what?
Rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, & one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.
The poem “Canterbury Tales” was written by who?
Geoffrey Chaucer
What caused continued growth of trade & manufacturing after 1200?
Growth of urban areas in Latin West
Where was the first modern university as a degree granting corporation established?
Latin west
Europeans view natural world through 2 belief systems, what are they?
Folklore & religion
Charles V failed to unify all Europe, but Spain, France & England successfully unified their states by doing what?
Building a more successful program of political unification based on political centralization & religious unity
Bourgeoisie means what?
Urban class that dominated manufacturing, finance commerce & allied professions.
Wealthy merchants
What fostered artistic growth in the renaissance?
Patronage of wealthy merchants & prelates
Who did Henry the navigator derive funds from for his expeditions?
Order of Christ
In light of challenges to Catholic Church, many reforms were enacted such as what?
Protestant-Catholic
Portuguese primary focused on what city in eastern Indian Ocean?
Malacca
First Portuguese who landed in India were greeted with what?
Laughter?
Open arms?
What “architecture wonder” first made its appearance in France on/ or about the year 1140 CE?
Gothic cathedrals
What contributed to the continued growth of trade & manufacturing after 1200?
Latin west
What was the Portuguese’s focus in the eastern Indian Ocean?
Gold
What were the motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion?
All of the above
What was an early impetus for Portuguese maritime exploration?
Access to Sub Saharan gold trade
What was the belief that humans could understand social behavior using reason?
The enlightenment
Many religious & intellectual leaders viewed the new science with suspicion as shown by what event?
Science revolution
Define who the Habsburg were.
& what lands were under their control?
A dynasty of Austria- Spanish throne of Castile & Aragon.
Provided holy roman emperors & found Austro-Hungarian empire
What is the Black Death?
Why do historians describe this epidemic as having a positive impact on Europe in the long term?
Was a disease that killed a third of the Western European population. It spread to different countries as well.
It had a positive impact, because it recovered from the population loss & regained it in 1200. It even changed social changes in Western Europe.
