Chapter 12 Flashcards
The Yuan tax administration relied on what tax administrators?
Persian, Arab & Uighur
What metal was crucially important to the Central Asian Nomads?
Iron
The Mongol leader, or the Khan, had his decisions ratified by who?
The council
Islamic mathematician, Nasir al-Din, strongly influenced who?
Copernicus
In 1368 the Yuan Empire was overthrown & replaced by who?
Ming
What is tax farming?
Sale of tax collecting contracts to small corporations
An advantage of Mongol rule was what?
Promoted the spread of ideas & movement of people in Eurasia
The Timurids supported the advancement of astronomical observation particularly the discovery of what?
Eclipse predictions
Which city became Russia’s dominant political center under the Mongols?
Moscow
Mongol rule of Russia was overthrown by who?
Ivan the 3rd
The Mongols were influenced by religious leaders from where?
Tibet
Why didn’t China, as we think of it today, exist before the Mongols?
Mongols reunited china permanently
Much of the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of who?
Merchants
One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule were what?
The increasing influence of Mandarin
The ancestors of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam did what?
Annexed champa
The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family & the Mongols was what?
The Koryo family became attached & loyal to the Mongols
Why didn’t Ming china develop sea-fairing for commercial & military gain?
The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.
The Greek historian, Herodotus, portrayed steppe nomads as what?
Superb horsemen, herdsmen & hunters
The religion of the central Asian nomads was what?
Diverse mixture: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam…
Genghis Khan
- Title of Timüjin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227)
- Founder of Mongol Empire
- Most famous conqueror in history
Nomadism
A way of life by scarcity of resources where people migrate to find pasture & water
Yi Kingdom
(1392-1910)
Ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan.
Kamikaze
“Divine wind”- Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away
Timur
- Gained control over much of Central Asia & Iran.
- Founded the Mughal Empire in India
Alexander Nevskii
(1220-1263)
Prince of Novgorod. Submitted to the invading Mongols & received recognition as the leader of Russian princes under the Golden Horde.
Yongle
Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424)
Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, encyclopedia project, Zheng He’s expeditions & re opening of China’s borders to trade & travel.
What influence did Mongol invasions or threat of invasion have on Japanese development?
The Japanese military governments spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class
Mongol troops had a decided technological advantage over their enemies. What were some of the components of this technological advantage and how did they enabled the Mongols to conquer such an enormous territory?
•Transmission of knowledge and skills allowed Mongols to adapt a broad range of advances to their needs.
•Examples include
–metallurgy, in the form of ironworking and cast bronze for cannon
–the Mongol bow, which could shoot farther than other bows of the same period
–the catapult
–Pharmacology
–Engineering
–and applications of advanced mathematics.
The Mongols presided over a vast cultural exchange across geographic and religious borders. What were the important intellectual developments that Europe owed to Mongol influence?
- Southern European cities enriched themselves by participating in trade with the Mongol territories.
- By means of trade, as well as communications through Constantinople, Europe learned of Asian advances in gunpowder and guns, astronomy, mathematics, pharmacology, history, and geography.
- The threatened Mongol invasion of Europe provoked a period of religious questioning and created new avenues of transmission, including the Black Death.
What are the effects of Mongol domination on Russia how did it shaped Russia’s history.
•Some historians claim that the Mongols cut Russia off from Western European development and isolated Russia.
–These historians refer to the “Mongol yoke” and postulate a sluggish economy and dormant culture under the Mongols.
•Others state that the Kievan economy was already in decline before the Mongols, and that the influence of Byzantium was what insulated Russia from Western Europe. Kievan princes had already stopped printing money.
–That Russian taxes were paid in silver suggests an economy with regular surpluses.
–Additionally, the tax burden was increased by the Russian princes acting as tax collectors for the Mongols.
