Chapter 12

Question 1

The Yuan tax administration relied on what tax administrators?

Answer 1

Persian, Arab & Uighur

Question 2

What metal was crucially important to the Central Asian Nomads?

Answer 2

Iron

Question 3

The Mongol leader, or the Khan, had his decisions ratified by who?

Answer 3

The council

Question 4

Islamic mathematician, Nasir al-Din, strongly influenced who?

Answer 4

Copernicus

Question 5

In 1368 the Yuan Empire was overthrown & replaced by who?

Answer 5

Ming

Question 6

What is tax farming?

Answer 6

Sale of tax collecting contracts to small corporations

Question 7

An advantage of Mongol rule was what?

Answer 7

Promoted the spread of ideas & movement of people in Eurasia

Question 8

The Timurids supported the advancement of astronomical observation particularly the discovery of what?

Answer 8

Eclipse predictions

Question 9

Which city became Russia’s dominant political center under the Mongols?

Answer 9

Moscow

Question 10

Mongol rule of Russia was overthrown by who?

Answer 10

Ivan the 3rd

Question 11

The Mongols were influenced by religious leaders from where?

Answer 11

Tibet

Question 12

Why didn’t China, as we think of it today, exist before the Mongols?

Answer 12

Mongols reunited china permanently

Question 13

Much of the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of who?

Answer 13

Merchants

Question 14

One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule were what?

Answer 14

The increasing influence of Mandarin

Question 15

The ancestors of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam did what?

Answer 15

Annexed champa

Question 16

The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family & the Mongols was what?

Answer 16

The Koryo family became attached & loyal to the Mongols

Question 17

Why didn’t Ming china develop sea-fairing for commercial & military gain?

Answer 17

The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.

Question 18

The Greek historian, Herodotus, portrayed steppe nomads as what?

Answer 18

Superb horsemen, herdsmen & hunters

Question 19

The religion of the central Asian nomads was what?

Answer 19

Diverse mixture: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam…

Question 20

Genghis Khan

Answer 20

• Title of Timüjin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227)
• Founder of Mongol Empire
• Most famous conqueror in history

Question 21

Nomadism

Answer 21

A way of life by scarcity of resources where people migrate to find pasture & water

Question 22

Yi Kingdom

Answer 22

(1392-1910)

Ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan.

Question 23

Kamikaze

Answer 23

“Divine wind”- Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away

Question 24

Timur

Answer 24

• Gained control over much of Central Asia & Iran.

- Founded the Mughal Empire in India

Question 25

Alexander Nevskii

Answer 25

(1220-1263)
Prince of Novgorod. Submitted to the invading Mongols & received recognition as the leader of Russian princes under the Golden Horde.

Question 26

Yongle

Answer 26

Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424)
Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, encyclopedia project, Zheng He’s expeditions & re opening of China’s borders to trade & travel.

Question 27

What influence did Mongol invasions or threat of invasion have on Japanese development?

Answer 27

The Japanese military governments spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class

Question 28

Mongol troops had a decided technological advantage over their enemies. What were some of the components of this technological advantage and how did they enabled the Mongols to conquer such an enormous territory?

Answer 28

•Transmission of knowledge and skills allowed Mongols to adapt a broad range of advances to their needs.
•Examples include
–metallurgy, in the form of ironworking and cast bronze for cannon
–the Mongol bow, which could shoot farther than other bows of the same period
–the catapult
–Pharmacology
–Engineering
–and applications of advanced mathematics.

Question 29

The Mongols presided over a vast cultural exchange across geographic and religious borders. What were the important intellectual developments that Europe owed to Mongol influence?

Answer 29

• Southern European cities enriched themselves by participating in trade with the Mongol territories.
• By means of trade, as well as communications through Constantinople, Europe learned of Asian advances in gunpowder and guns, astronomy, mathematics, pharmacology, history, and geography.
• The threatened Mongol invasion of Europe provoked a period of religious questioning and created new avenues of transmission, including the Black Death.

Question 30

What are the effects of Mongol domination on Russia how did it shaped Russia’s history.

Answer 30

•Some historians claim that the Mongols cut Russia off from Western European development and isolated Russia.
–These historians refer to the “Mongol yoke” and postulate a sluggish economy and dormant culture under the Mongols.
•Others state that the Kievan economy was already in decline before the Mongols, and that the influence of Byzantium was what insulated Russia from Western Europe. Kievan princes had already stopped printing money.
–That Russian taxes were paid in silver suggests an economy with regular surpluses.
–Additionally, the tax burden was increased by the Russian princes acting as tax collectors for the Mongols.