Chapters 16&17 Flashcards
What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide leveled in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?
Chemoreceptors
A (long, short) blood vessel with a (small, large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow.
Long
Small
Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) to the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle)
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Which blood vessel(s) contain blood with the highest oxygen content?
Pulmonary veins
From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch?
Aorta
Where is the cardiovascular center located?
Medulla
Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart?
Systemic
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?
Hepatic portal
(Arteries, veins) (closest to, farthest from) the heat have the lowest blood pressure.
Vein, closet to
Vascular resistance is primarily to due which factor?
Fiction between blood-walls
When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?
Systolic
In fetal circulation p, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs?
Ductus arteriosus
Stimulation of the ______ would cause the heart rate to decrease.
Vagus nerve
In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?
Foramen ovale
With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ____ in size.
Decrease
Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as _____ immunity
Innate
The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional?
Respiratory
As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cave to the lungs, it moves through the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) to the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) and out through the (pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins).
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Vessels with high blood pressure
Arteries
Vessels with the fastest flow
Arteries
Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues
Capillaries
Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
Lymphatic vessels
Vessels with slowest blood flow
Capillaries
Vessels with thick muscle layer
Arteries
Vessels si very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
Vessels that bring to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
Known as “exchange vessels”
Capillaries
What are the cells that migrate to the Thymus and when mature are AB,e to attack microbes directly?
T-Cells
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ____ to “pop” open
Artery
The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by _____.
Valves
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and form all cells.
Transport
Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?
Middle layer
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ______ movements ans skeletal muscular contractions.
Breathing
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the Ouse
Radial, cartoid, brachial, popilital, dorsal
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange?
Filtration and reabsorption
Blood pressure is read with a(an)____.
Sphygmomanometer
Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to ____, then to _____.
Arteries, capillaries, veins
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?
Capillaries
The force in which blood pushes against walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure.
Systolic
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows.
Lumen
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body.
Veins
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal? (75/105? 108/68? 75/90? 150/100?)
108/68
Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir?
Veins
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber.
Left atrium
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
Name some factors that vascular resistance related to
Blood viscosity, blood vessel length and radius
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance
Vessel length
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body.
Antigen
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure
Barorecptors
Blood pressure would (increase, decrease in heart rate, (increase, decrease) in vascular resistance, (increase, decrease) in blood volume, (increase, decrease) in water retention
Increase
Increase
Increase
Increase
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Interferons
Barorecptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here.
Cartoid artery
List some functions if the lymphatic system
Drain interstitial fluid, transport lipids from GI to blood, immune response
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel
Subclavian vein
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Aneurysm
Stretching walls of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
High amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypercapnia
List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes, fluid, movements like urinating
What are symptoms of inflammation?
Pain, redness, swelling, heat
List some substances that could act as antigens
Food, pollen, bacteria, viruses
When a cell is infected by a virus, what may the cell produce to help?
Interferons
Why are lymph nodes important?
Filter lymph store lymphocytes
What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls?
Vasoconstriction
I general, what vessels can we see through our skin?
Veins
Mucous membranes would be considered to be a ____ line of defense against pathogens
First
Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum?
Thymus
Name the major components of the lymphatic system
Lymph, lymphatic vessels, structure containing lymphatic tissue, red none marrow
Which cells produce antibodies?
B-Cells
Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
Spleen
Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes?
Mature b-cells
When are damaged and worn-out red blood cells destroyed?
Spleen
