Chapter 12 Flashcards
Name the largest papillae of the tongue
Circum vallate
Sour is best tasted in which portion of the tongue?
Sides
What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs?
Taste
What type of stimulus is required for olfactory reception to occur?
A few molecules
Name the five primary taste sensations.
Sour Sweet Salty Bitter Umami
What is lacking in he blind spot so that it has no vision capability
Rods and cones
Name structures that protect the eye
Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Eyelids
What is the term we use to describe the closest distance at which sharp focus is attained by the eyes?
Near point
The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids
Conjunctiva
The ability of the eyes to focus together so that we see only one image and have depth perception
Binocular vision
A touch receptor is an example of this type of receptor
Mechano receptor
The process that adjusts the lens for near vision
Accommodation
Light energy initiates nerve impulses in what structure?
Retina
A sex linked trait; lacking cones
Color blindness
In what area of the eyes are cones are most densely concentrated?
Central focea
The colored part of the eye
Iris
A kind of pain often experienced by people suffering a heart attack
Referred
What receptors work to allow color vision?
The three kinds of cones
What is the term we use to describe bringing each eyes to focus at the same point?
Convergence
The bending of light rays as they pass from the air through the cornea and lens
Refraction
List the accessory structures of the eye.
Eyebrows
Lacrimal apparatus muscles
Eyelashes
Where does most of our refractor occur?
Cornea
The outermost layer of the retina that contains melanin to absorb light rays
Pigment epithelium
The structures that provides blood for the eye and absorbs scattered light
Chroid
In what area do humans have the sharpest vision
Central fovea
That what process are the macular and semicircular canals involved?
Equilibrium
The equilibrium apparatus concerned with maintaining posture
Maculae (of the vestibule)
The structure(s) for dynamic(motion) equilibrium
Canals semicircular canals
What makes up the bony labyrinth?
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
The war structure that converts sound waves into vibrations
Tumpanic membrane
A balance disorder which causes a person to feel that they are going around in space and are extremely dizzy
Vertigo
A disorder cause by fusion of the bones of the middle ear (otosclerosis)
Conduction deafness
A constant ringing in the ears
Tinnitus
The structure that helps equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane (auditory tube)
Eustachian tube
A disorder caused by nonfunctional organs of Corti within the choclea
Sensorineural deafness
What is created when hair cells come in contact with the tectorial membrane?
Air impulse
What is the purpose of static equilibrium?
Balance
Sound waves directly cause what structure to vibrate?
Tumpanic membrane
Nonciceptors are receptors of _______.
Pain
Block the formation of chemicals that stimulate the nonciceptor
Analgesics
Responsible for vision in bright light
Cones
Responsible for vision in dim light
Rods
Changes the shape of the lens
Ciliary muscles
Controls light entry into eyes
Iris
Focus light onto he retina
Lens
Central area of retina
Maculalutea
Nearsightedness
Myopia
Farsightness
Hyeopia
Focusing of light rays behind the retina
Hyperopia
Corrected by convex corrective lens
Hyperopia
Fluid in the anterior cavity of the eye
Aqueous humor
Excess fluid pressure in the eye
Glacoma
Clouding of the lens and/or cornea
Cataract
Lens that has lost its elasticity with age
Presbyopia
Fluid in he posterior cavity of the eye
Vitreous humor
Normal vision
Enmeteopoa
Irregular curvature of the lens or cornea
Astigmatism
How many molecules of a substance need to be present in air to be smelled?
Only a few
How are taste and smell related?
Much of what we perceive as taste is actually smell
These papillae cover most of the surface of the tongue and rarely contain taste buds.
Filiform
The lateral edges of the tongue are more sensitive to what substances?
Sour
What substances maintains the pressure on the eye?
Aqueous humor
Where does the aqueous humor drain?
Into the blood
The structure commonly known as the “white” of the eye.
Sclera
What is the shape of the lens when you view distant objects?
Flat
Which type of equilibrium refers to the maintenance of body position (as in posture)
Static
The nerve that carries impulses from our eyes to the occipital lobe of the brain
Optic
