Chapter 14-Blood Flashcards
0
Q
Your blood regulates three aspects of homeostasis. List those three.
A
Body temp
pH
Water content of cells
1
Q
Blood transports many substances. List six.
A
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes Heat Hormones
2
Q
Explain two ways in which your blood protects you.
A
- Prevents blood loss through clotting response to injury
2. Combats microbes and toxins through the action of white blood cells or specialized plasma proteins
3
Q
Average temperature of blood:
A
38°C (98.6°F)
4
Q
pH of blood:
A
7.35-7.45
5
Q
Volume of blood in the average adult:
A
4-6 liters
6
Q
Blood consists of about ____ percent plasma and ____ percent formed elements, which include ______ and _________
A
55%
45%
Cells
Cellfragments
7
Q
The three types of formed elements (or cells) are:
A
RBC’s
WBC’s
Platelets
8
Q
The top layer of configured blood.
A
Plasma
9
Q
The layer of centrifuges blood with the greatest volume.
A
Plasma
10
Q
The layer of centrifuges blood with the least volume
A
White blood cells and platelets
11
Q
The layer forming the buffy coat
A
White blood cells and platelets
12
Q
The bottom layer of centrifuged blood
A
Red blood cells
13
Q
Makes up 92% of plasma
A
Water
14
Q
A protein made by the liver for blood clotting
A
Fibrinogen
15
Q
Protein needs to maintain blood viscosity and pressure
A
Albumins
16
Q
Protein needed to produce antibodies
A
Globulins
17
Q
Blood formation is a process known as ______. All blood cell arise from hemopoietic _______ cells.
A
Pluripotent stem
18
Q
After birth, most blood cell formation takes place in the red bone marrow. List three bones where this process takes place after birth.
A
Femur stern pelvis
19
Q
A mature erythrocyte (does, does not) captain a nucleus.
A
Does not
20
Q
The pigment named _____ accounts for the colors of RBC’s. It also is responsible for transporting almost all _____ in the blood.
A
Hemoglobin
Oxygen
21
Q
RBC’s are normally shaped like ______ discs which gives them more flexibility and ______ area.
A
Biconcave
Surface
22
Q
The average life of red blood cell is about 4 (hours, days, months, years)
A
Months
23
Q
In adults, the RBC’s count per UL is (500, 5,000, 250,000, 5 million, 250 million)
A
5 million
24
Not truly cells, but fragments of cells
Platelets
25
Also known as thrombocytes
Platelets
26
Include two subcategories: granular and agranular
Leukocytes
27
Also kown as white blood cells
Leukocytes
28
Also known as red blood cells
Erythrocytes
29
Leukocytes (have, lack) hemoglobin, so these cells are known as (RBC's, WBC's).
Lack, WBC's
30
Each WBC (has, lacks) a nucleus.
Has
31
The process that occurs when WBC's engulf bacteria and destroy them is known as _________.
Phagocytosis
32
Constitute the larger percentage of WBC's
Neutrophils
33
Important in phagocytosis (2)
Monocytes
| Neutrophils
34
Involved in immunity; some types produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
35
Involved in allergic reactions; release histamine and herparin
Basophils
36
Form wandering macrophages that clean up infection sites
Monocytes
37
Classifieds agranular Leukocytes (2)
Lymphocytes
| Monocytes
38
A normal RBC count is about (700, 5,000-10,000, 250,000, 5million) cells/uL, but a normal WBC count is about (700, 5,000-10,000, 250,000, 5 million) cells/ uL
5 million
| 5,000-10,000
39
Which cells typically live longer? (RBCS's, WBC's). The typical lifespan of a WBC is a few (days, months, years)
RBC's
| Days
40
Homeostasis literally means _____ (hemo) _______ (stasis).
Blood
| Stoppage
41
Vascular ______- blood vessels wall contracts
Spasm
42
_______ plug formation- platelets clump together
Platelet
43
___________ (clotting)
Coagulation
44
Formation of _________ - enzyme produced when vessel calls are damaged
Prothrombinase
45
Conversion of prothrombin to _______- and enzyme
Thrombin
46
Conversion of fibrinogen to _____ (which forms the threads of the clot)
Fibrin
47
The liver needs vitamin ____ to make pus bloods clotting factors
K
48
The clot inside the vessel is called the _______
Thrombus
49
A "clot-on-the-run" dislodged from the side where it is formed is called an _______
Embolus
50
Proteins located on the surface of RBC's determine blood type. They are known as _______ (aggulations)
Antibodies
51
They are two kinds of antigens: ______ and _______
A
| B
52
Type A blood has (A, B) antigens on the RBC's
A
53
They are also proteins in the _______ of the blood known as antibodies (agglutinins). They can cause ________ (clumping) of blood cells is mixed with blood types having _______ that are foreign to the individual
Plasma
Hemolysis (aggulation)
Antigens
54
Aggulation (or "clumping") of RBC's is an antigen - _______ process that (does, does not) require red blood cells because they are the sites of antigens used in the process
Antibody
| Does
55
Shortly after birth, infants with type A blood normally begun producing (anti-A, anti-B, both anti-A and anti-B) antibodies in response to exposures to even minute amounts of type B blood. In other words, people with type A blood produce antibodies that attack type (A, B, A and B, O) blood because this it "foreign" to them.
anti-B
| B
56
Type O is known as the universal (donor, recipient) with regard to the ABO blood group because typos O blood lacks _______
Both antigen A and B
57
Type AB is known as the universal (donor, recipient). Explain why.
Recipient
| Type AB has no antibodies to react with antigens.
58
The Rh (+, -) group is more common. Rh (+, -) blood has Rh antigens on the surfaces of RBC's
+
| +
59
Under normal circumstances. Plasma of (Rh + blood, Rh- blood, both Rh group, neither Rh group) contains anti-Rh Antibodies
Neither Rh groups
60
Rh (+, -) persons can develop these antibodies when they are exposed to Rh (+, -) blood.
-
| +
61
An example of this occurs in fetal maternal incompatibility when a mother who us Rh (+,-) and some of the baby's blood enters the mother's bloodstream. The mother develops anti-Rh antibodies that may cross the placenta in future pregnancies and hemolyze the RBC's of Rh (+,-) babies. Such a condition is known as _______
-
+
+
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
62
An inherited clotting deficiency in which bleeding occurs easily
Hemophilia
63
A normal increase in the number of WBC's
Leukocytes
64
A reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Anemia
65
A blood chomp ability problem between a Rh- mother and her Rh+ fetus
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
66
"Blood doping"
Induced polycythemia
67
A form of cancer involving abnormally high production of WBC's
Leukemia
68
Sickle-shaped RBC's that rapture easily
Sickle cell anemia
69
A decrease in the number of WBC's
Leukopenia
70
The anti-B antibody would cause clumping when added to either of two types of blood. What are they?
B and AB
71
The anti-A antibody would cause clumping when added to either of two types of blood. What are they?
A and AB
72
Type AB blood has neither antibody present. What would happen if either anti- A or anti-B antibody were present in types AB blood?
It would clump (agglutinate)
73
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies present
O
74
"A" antigen in red blood cells
A
| AB
75
No antigen in red blood cells
O
76
Cells agglutinate in anti-A typing serum
A
| AB
77
Cells agglutinate in anti-B and anti-A typing serum
AB
78
No agglutination of cells in either anti-A or anti-B typing sera
O
79
Cells agglutinate in anti-B typing serum
B
| AB
80
"A" and "B" antigen in red blood cells
AB
81
Anti-B antibody present
A
| O
82
"B" antigen in red blood cells
B
| AB
83
A hematocrit is
The percentage of red blood cells in whole blood
84
Involved in certain immune responses
Immunoglobulins
85
Develop into mature red blood cells
Reticulocytes
86
Required for vitamin B12 absorption
Intrinsic factor
87
Most abundant plasma protein
Albumin
88
Blood after formed elements are removed
Plasma
89
Plasma without clotting proteins
Serum
90
Needed for blood clotting
Fibrinogen
91
In adults, erythropoieses takes place in
Red none marrow
92
Which of the following pigments contributed to the yellow' color in urine?
Urobilin
93
Which of the following statements is NOT true about red blood cells?
Red blood cells have a lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm
94
A primary function of red blood cells to maintain blood volume
Deliver oxygen to the cells of the body
95
If a differential white blood cell count indicated high than normal numbers of basophils, what may be occurring in the body?
Allergic reaction
96
In a person with blood type A, the antibodies that would normally be present in the plasma is (are)
Anti-B antibody
97
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) May occur in the fetus of a second pregnancy if
The mother is Rh- and the bandy is Rh+
98
Place the following steps of homeostasis in the correct order.
1. Clot retraction
2. Prothrombinase
3. Fibrinolysis by plasmin
4. Vascular spasm
5. Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
6. Platelet plug formation
7. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
4, 6, 2, 5, 7, 1, 3
99
Which of the following is NOT a normal component of blood plasma?
Albumins, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, water
Hemoglobin
100
How does aspirin prevent thrombosis
It inhibits platelet aggregation
101
Become wandering macrophages
Monocytes
102
Produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
103
Are involved in Algeria reactions
Basophils
104
First to respond to bacterial invasion
Neutrophils
105
Destroy antigen-antibody complexes; combat inflammation
Eosinophils
106
Hemostasis is
A series of events that stop bleeding
107
An individual with type A blood has _____ in the plasma membranes of red blood cells
Antigen A
108
Clot reaction
Draws torn edges of the damaged vessel closer together
109
A thrombus that is being transported by the bloodstream is called
A Reticulocyte
110
What is the straw-colored liquid that remains when formed elements are removed from blood?
Plasma
111
Name two types of cells whose main function is phagocytic activity
Neutrophils, monocytes
112
Name some materials that blood carries
Oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, heat, hormones
113
List 3 functions of the blood
Transport, regulate, protect
114
Blood proteins account for what percent of the plasma
7%
115
The most common blood protein
Albumia
116
Blood is approximately what % plasma?
55%
117
Plasma is composed of about what % water?
91.5%
118
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells
Phagocytosis
119
An immature red blood cell
Reticulocyte
120
About how many RBC's doesn't the average person have per uLof blood?
5 million
121
An inherited defect most common in African Americans that results in red blood cells that are distorted
Sickle cell disease
122
Appendicitis or an acute infection will cause a rapid increase in which types of WBC
Neutrophils
123
Which Leukocytes are agranulocytes
Lymphocytes, monocytes
124
Which Leukocytes are granular Leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
125
Which Leukocytes develop into cells in which produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
126
What is the average leukocyte count per uL of blood
(5,000-10,000) 7,500
127
What is the average number of platelets circulating per uL of blood
250,000-400,000
128
Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for this purpose
Blood clotting
129
In blood clotting, thrombin converts fibrinogen to this substance
Fibrin
130
If blood vessel cells are damage they trigger formation of this enzyme in clotting'a 1st stage
Prothrombinase
131
What is the process of dissolving small inappropriate clots called
Fibrinolysis
132
What is the effect of heparin and Coumadin on blood clotting
Inhibit (slow)
133
What is the condition that cause the accumulation of fatty substances which cause rough spots on vessel walls
Atherosclerosis
134
The blood type gene that is inherited as recessive
O
135
If you blood agglutinates in the anti-A typing serum but not in the anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type
A
136
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-B typing serum but not in the anti-A typing serum, then you have this blood type
B
137
If your blood agglutinates in both the anti-A typing serum and the anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type
AB
138
If your blood does not agglutinate in either of the typing seems p, you have this blood type
O
139
Universal donors have blood that is this type
O
140
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
141
The antigen proteins present of the red blood cell membrane determines this
Blood type
142
The test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood
Hematocrit
143
No one with type B blood can also have theses antibodies
Anti-B
144
Where does the formation of most blood cells occur
Red bone marrow
145
Largest cell
WBC's
146
Smallest formed element
Platelets
147
Carry oxygen
RBC's
148
Have nuclei
WBC's
149
Fight infection
WBC's
150
Contain hemoglobin
RBC's
151
Live about 10 days
Platelets
152
Most live a few days
WBC's
153
Live about 4 months
RBC's
154
Biconcave disk shaped
RBC's
155
Make up the greatest blood volume
RBC's
156
Important in blood clotting
Platelets
157
May have independent movement
WBC's
158
White blood cell types that increase in number to combat inflammation during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
159
The second most numerous kind of white blood cells; comes and goes from the blood stream
Lymphocyte
160
The largest type of white blood cell
Monocyte
161
WBC that cleans up debris after infections
Monocyte
162
A plasma protein necessary for antibodies
Globulin
163
A plasma protein important in maintaining the blood's viscosity
Albumin
164
Pigment of RBC's which carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
165
Protein on the surface of a RBC which can stimulate the formation of antibodies against it
Antigen
166
Another name for a red blood cell
Erythrocyte
167
Another name for a white blood cell
Leukocyte
168
The clumping together of red blood cells in an incomplete tranfusion
Hemolysis
169
Another name for the clotting of the blood
Coagulation
170
An increase in the number of Leukocytes
Leukocytes
171
A decrease in the number of Leukocytes
Leukopenia
172
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes
Anemia
173
"Blood doping" causing an overproduction of red blood cells
Induced polycythemia
174
A pale yellow fluid similar to plasma but lacks clotting ability
Serum
175
Movement of white cell through the capillary wall
Diapedesis
176
Clotting inside an unbroken vessel
Thrombosis
177
A blood clot inside a vessel
Thrombus
178
A moving lot or obstruction in a vessel
Embolus
179
Cancer of the red bone marrow causing uncontrolled production of white blood cells
Leukemia
180
Typified by abnormal sickle-shaped RBC's
Sickle cell anemia
181
Nutrients, hormones, and gases are carried by this part of the blood
Plasma
182
The liquid part of the blood
Plasma
183
Proteins that are located on the blood cells
Antigens
184
Cells in the red bone marrow that have the ability to develop into many different cells
Pluripotent stem cells
185
These blood cells may be found out of the blood vessels in the spaces between cells
WBC's
186
Amount of blood in the average healthy male
5-6L
187
The term for stoppage of bleeding
Hemostasis
188
Immature RBC's which contain nucleus
Reticulocytes
189
```
Blood type A:
Antigens present:_____
Antibody present:_____
Can donate blood to:____
Can receive blood form:_____
```
A
anti-B
A, AB
A, O
190
```
Type O
Antigens:____
Antibodies:_____
Donate to:____
Receive:______
```
None
Anti-a and b
O, A, B, AB
O
191
```
Type AB
Antigens:_____
Antibody:_____
Donate:_____
Receive:_____
```
A, B
None
AB
O, A, B, AB
192
```
Type Rh+
Antigens:____
Antibody:____
Donate:____
Receive:____
```
```
Rh+
None
Rh+
Rh+
Rh-
```
