Chapter 14-Blood Flashcards
Your blood regulates three aspects of homeostasis. List those three.
Body temp
pH
Water content of cells
Blood transports many substances. List six.
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes Heat Hormones
Explain two ways in which your blood protects you.
- Prevents blood loss through clotting response to injury
2. Combats microbes and toxins through the action of white blood cells or specialized plasma proteins
Average temperature of blood:
38°C (98.6°F)
pH of blood:
7.35-7.45
Volume of blood in the average adult:
4-6 liters
Blood consists of about ____ percent plasma and ____ percent formed elements, which include ______ and _________
55%
45%
Cells
Cellfragments
The three types of formed elements (or cells) are:
RBC’s
WBC’s
Platelets
The top layer of configured blood.
Plasma
The layer of centrifuges blood with the greatest volume.
Plasma
The layer of centrifuges blood with the least volume
White blood cells and platelets
The layer forming the buffy coat
White blood cells and platelets
The bottom layer of centrifuged blood
Red blood cells
Makes up 92% of plasma
Water
A protein made by the liver for blood clotting
Fibrinogen
Protein needs to maintain blood viscosity and pressure
Albumins
Protein needed to produce antibodies
Globulins
Blood formation is a process known as ______. All blood cell arise from hemopoietic _______ cells.
Pluripotent stem
After birth, most blood cell formation takes place in the red bone marrow. List three bones where this process takes place after birth.
Femur stern pelvis
A mature erythrocyte (does, does not) captain a nucleus.
Does not
The pigment named _____ accounts for the colors of RBC’s. It also is responsible for transporting almost all _____ in the blood.
Hemoglobin
Oxygen
RBC’s are normally shaped like ______ discs which gives them more flexibility and ______ area.
Biconcave
Surface
The average life of red blood cell is about 4 (hours, days, months, years)
Months
In adults, the RBC’s count per UL is (500, 5,000, 250,000, 5 million, 250 million)
5 million
Not truly cells, but fragments of cells
Platelets
Also known as thrombocytes
Platelets
Include two subcategories: granular and agranular
Leukocytes
Also kown as white blood cells
Leukocytes
Also known as red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes (have, lack) hemoglobin, so these cells are known as (RBC’s, WBC’s).
Lack, WBC’s
Each WBC (has, lacks) a nucleus.
Has
The process that occurs when WBC’s engulf bacteria and destroy them is known as _________.
Phagocytosis
Constitute the larger percentage of WBC’s
Neutrophils
Important in phagocytosis (2)
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Involved in immunity; some types produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
Involved in allergic reactions; release histamine and herparin
Basophils
Form wandering macrophages that clean up infection sites
Monocytes
Classifieds agranular Leukocytes (2)
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
A normal RBC count is about (700, 5,000-10,000, 250,000, 5million) cells/uL, but a normal WBC count is about (700, 5,000-10,000, 250,000, 5 million) cells/ uL
5 million
5,000-10,000
Which cells typically live longer? (RBCS’s, WBC’s). The typical lifespan of a WBC is a few (days, months, years)
RBC’s
Days
Homeostasis literally means _____ (hemo) _______ (stasis).
Blood
Stoppage
Vascular ______- blood vessels wall contracts
Spasm
_______ plug formation- platelets clump together
Platelet
___________ (clotting)
Coagulation
Formation of _________ - enzyme produced when vessel calls are damaged
Prothrombinase
Conversion of prothrombin to _______- and enzyme
Thrombin
Conversion of fibrinogen to _____ (which forms the threads of the clot)
Fibrin
The liver needs vitamin ____ to make pus bloods clotting factors
K
The clot inside the vessel is called the _______
Thrombus
A “clot-on-the-run” dislodged from the side where it is formed is called an _______
Embolus
Proteins located on the surface of RBC’s determine blood type. They are known as _______ (aggulations)
Antibodies
They are two kinds of antigens: ______ and _______
A
B
Type A blood has (A, B) antigens on the RBC’s
A
They are also proteins in the _______ of the blood known as antibodies (agglutinins). They can cause ________ (clumping) of blood cells is mixed with blood types having _______ that are foreign to the individual
Plasma
Hemolysis (aggulation)
Antigens
Aggulation (or “clumping”) of RBC’s is an antigen - _______ process that (does, does not) require red blood cells because they are the sites of antigens used in the process
Antibody
Does
Shortly after birth, infants with type A blood normally begun producing (anti-A, anti-B, both anti-A and anti-B) antibodies in response to exposures to even minute amounts of type B blood. In other words, people with type A blood produce antibodies that attack type (A, B, A and B, O) blood because this it “foreign” to them.
anti-B
B
Type O is known as the universal (donor, recipient) with regard to the ABO blood group because typos O blood lacks _______
Both antigen A and B
Type AB is known as the universal (donor, recipient). Explain why.
Recipient
Type AB has no antibodies to react with antigens.
The Rh (+, -) group is more common. Rh (+, -) blood has Rh antigens on the surfaces of RBC’s
+
+
Under normal circumstances. Plasma of (Rh + blood, Rh- blood, both Rh group, neither Rh group) contains anti-Rh Antibodies
Neither Rh groups
Rh (+, -) persons can develop these antibodies when they are exposed to Rh (+, -) blood.
-
+
An example of this occurs in fetal maternal incompatibility when a mother who us Rh (+,-) and some of the baby’s blood enters the mother’s bloodstream. The mother develops anti-Rh antibodies that may cross the placenta in future pregnancies and hemolyze the RBC’s of Rh (+,-) babies. Such a condition is known as _______
-
+
+
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
An inherited clotting deficiency in which bleeding occurs easily
Hemophilia
A normal increase in the number of WBC’s
Leukocytes
A reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Anemia
A blood chomp ability problem between a Rh- mother and her Rh+ fetus
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
“Blood doping”
Induced polycythemia
A form of cancer involving abnormally high production of WBC’s
Leukemia
Sickle-shaped RBC’s that rapture easily
Sickle cell anemia
A decrease in the number of WBC’s
Leukopenia
The anti-B antibody would cause clumping when added to either of two types of blood. What are they?
B and AB
The anti-A antibody would cause clumping when added to either of two types of blood. What are they?
A and AB
Type AB blood has neither antibody present. What would happen if either anti- A or anti-B antibody were present in types AB blood?
It would clump (agglutinate)
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies present
O
“A” antigen in red blood cells
A
AB
No antigen in red blood cells
O
Cells agglutinate in anti-A typing serum
A
AB
