Chapters 13-16

Question 1

Monopoly

Answer 1

exclusive control of one company over an industry in a particular market to make possible manipulation of prices.

Question 2

horizontal integration

Answer 2

buying up/owning all the producers of that good

Question 3

vertical integration

Answer 3

buys all the MATERIALS for the product (such as Rail roads, products, etc)

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

used vertical integration for steel

Question 5

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 5

Owns all standard oil companies

Question 6

JP Morgan

Answer 6

wealthy banker (financed others typhoons)

Question 7

Bessemer Process

Answer 7

process to purify iron to strong lightweight steel

Question 8

laissez-faire

Answer 8

government should not interfere with economic affairs

Question 9

cartels

Answer 9

trust formed especially to regulate prices

Question 10

trust

Answer 10

companies assign stock to trustees who combine them into a new organization

Question 11

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Answer 11

1890-outlawed trusts that held back trade

Question 12

Interstate Commerce Commision

Answer 12

oversee interstate transportation/railroads

Question 13

WASP

Answer 13

White
Anglo
Saxon
Protestants 
(progressives)

Question 14

Knights of Labor

Answer 14

1869-labor union, secret society, devoted to broad social reform

Question 15

American Federation of Labor

Answer 15

1886- loose organization of skilled workers, devoted to skills/trades

Question 16

Jim Crow laws

Answer 16

laws separating blacks from whites

Question 17

WEB Du Bois

Answer 17

demanded that blacks receive rights

Question 18

Booker T. Washington

Answer 18

famous black leader during the late 19th century (accommodate to segregation)

Question 19

Granger Movement

Answer 19

providing education on new farming

Question 20

Socialism

Answer 20

economic/political philosophy that favors a public control of property

Question 21

swearshop

Answer 21

small, hot, dirty, dark workhouses for factory workers

Question 22

spoils system

Answer 22

politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers

Question 23

Grandfather clause

Answer 23

allowed a person to vote as long as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866

Question 24

poll tax

Answer 24

required voters to pay a tax to vote

Question 25

literacy tests

Answer 25

given to vote, prevented blacks from voting

Question 26

corporation

Answer 26

large business with multiple owners, 100’s of workers, board of directors, and executive

Question 27

presidents:

Answer 27

1884: Grover Cleveland
1888: Benjamin Harrison
1892: Grover Cleveland
1896: McKinley (elected because of urban workers, he said populists were dictators, McKinley also had a lot of money

Question 28

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 28

populist/democratic leader, democrats wanted silver coinage to create inflation, which they hoped would raise their income

Question 29

Tariffs and Gold standard

Answer 29

Republicans: increase tariff- allows industries to grow, promote jobs in manufacturing
Democrats: decrease tariff- high tariffs increased cost of goods to consumers, hard to sell goods abroad

Question 30

populism

Answer 30

poeple’s party-1892-build a new political party, many of its specific reforms became a reality in the 20th century.

Question 31

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 31

14th amendment- equal rights to all. Plessy sat in a white car on a train and was arrested. 7:1 vote-separate car rule did not violate the 14th amendment.

Question 32

Civil Service Reform

Answer 32

system that includes federal jobs in executive branch

Question 33

Assassination of James Garfield

Answer 33

prez. killed in 1881 by a man (Charles Guiteau) who wanted to be the ambassador to France

Question 34

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Answer 34

Railroad typhoon

Question 35

“Robber barons” or “Captains of Industry”

Answer 35

wealthy and powerful 19th-century American businessmen

Question 36

“Gilded Age”

Answer 36

period spanning approximately the 1870s to the turn of the twentieth century (new lifestyle that middle class Americans adopted during this period-shopping, sports, reading popular magazines/newspapers)