Chapters 13, 15

Question 1

Prodromal

Answer 1

An obvious deterioration in functioning - similar to schizotypal PD.

Question 2

Active

Answer 2

Positive, negative, disorganized symptoms.

Question 3

Residual

Answer 3

Signs and symptoms that are similar to the prodromal phase. The dramatic symptoms have improved but the person is still impaired.

Question 4

Anhedonia

Answer 4

Inability to experience pleasure

Question 5

Avolition

Answer 5

Lack of will, becomes apathetic

Question 6

Alogia

Answer 6

Impoverished thinking, poverty of speech.

Question 7

Catatonia

Answer 7

Immobility and marked muscular rigidity

Question 8

Schizophreniform disorder

Answer 8

Psychotic symptoms for between 1 month and 6 months.

Question 9

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 9

Symptoms fall between schizophrenia and mood disorders. Diagnosed by the presence of delusions/hallucinations for at least 2 wks not during depressive or manic phase.

Question 10

Delusional disorder

Answer 10

Do not meet full symptomatic criteria for schizophrenia. 1 month of delusions that aren’t bizarre.

Question 11

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 11

Psychotic symptoms for 1 day - 1 month

Question 12

Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 12

Focuses on the function of specific dopamine pathways in the limbic areas of the brain (some have TOO MANY receptors others NOT ENOUGH). Antipsychotic drugs elevate sensitivity to dopamine.

Question 13

Social causation hypothesis

Answer 13

Harmful events associated w/ lowest social class play a causal role in dvlpmnt of schizophrenia

Question 14

Social selection hypothesis

Answer 14

Individuals with schizophrenia cannot hold a job/complete a higher education

Question 15

Endophenotype

Answer 15

Vulnerability marker. Must distinguish those who already have schizophrenia from those who don’t. 2) A stable characteristic over time. 3) Should identify more people among the relatives of schizophrenic patients than general pop.

Question 16

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 16

Muscular rigidity, tremors, agitation, involuntary postures, motor inertia.

Question 17

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 17

Abnormal involuntary movements of mouth and face (tongue protrusion, chewing).

Question 18

IQ cutoff for mental retardation?

Answer 18

70

Question 19

IQ Mean and SD?

Answer 19

Mean = 100, SD = 15

Question 20

Down Syndrome

Answer 20

Chromosomal disorder with 47 chromosomes rather than 46. Trisomy 21.

Question 21

Fragile-X Syndrome

Answer 21

One X is fragile/fucked up. More common in men because they only have one X.

Question 22

PKU

Answer 22

Children are born with normal intelligence but the build up of phenylalanine produces brain damage if the child isn’t put on a low phenylalanine diet.

Question 23

Heritability Ratio

Answer 23

Index to measure the extent of genetic contribution

Question 24

Reaction Range

Answer 24

Heredity determines the upper and lower limits of IQ and experience determines the extent to which people fulfill their genetic potential.

Question 25

Primary prevention (IDs)

Answer 25

Use of good maternal and child health care, planning for pregnancy, amniocentesis, gene therapy, ultrasounds.

Question 26

Secondary prevention (IDs)

Answer 26

Head start programs (promote enrichment for low SES kids)

Question 27

Tertiary Prevention (IDs)

Answer 27

Assessment early in life. Basic self-care and survival skills. Treatments of the social and emotional needs of people with ID.