Chapters 1, 2, 3

Question 1

Incidence

Answer 1

Number of new cases of a disorder that emerge in a population during a given amount of time

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

Total number cases of a disorder that appear in a population during a given amount of time

Question 3

Disease burden

Answer 3

Mortality + Disability

Question 4

creation of the Asylum

Answer 4

Middle ages
Dorothea Dix
Woodward Worcester Hospital - “model institution”

Question 5

Epidemiology

Answer 5

Focuses on the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders

Question 6

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 6

An approach that integrates evidence from across biological, psychological, and social dimensions of behavior?

Question 7

General paresis

Answer 7

The discovery that general paresis followed syphilis infection showed that apparently psychological symptoms (e.g., delusions of grandeur) could be caused by a physical disease

Question 8

Holism

Answer 8

Assumes the whole is > the sum of parts

Question 9

Reductionism

Answer 9

Assumes the whole is a sum of its parts and can be understood by examining the smaller components

Question 10

Causality

Answer 10

when you evaluate the cause of mental disorders according to a combination of factors, not by a single, manageable problem

Question 11

Equifinality

Answer 11

a psychological disorder may have multiple causes; there are many routes to the same destination; multiple pathways=equifinality

Question 12

Multifinality

Answer 12

the same event can lead to different outcomes (e.g. abuse can lead to very different outcomes in different children)

Question 13

Diathesis

Answer 13

a predisposition to develop a disorder (usually, but not necessarily, a heredity factor)

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

branches that RECEIVE information from neurons

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

body that SENDS information to neurons

Question 16

Neuromodulators

Answer 16

chemicals that may be released from neurons or from endocrine glands (e.g., endorphins) that affect neurotransmitter function

Question 17

Hindbrain

Answer 17

consists of medulla, pons, and cerebellum, which regulate BASIC BODILY FUNCTIONS—generally not related to abnormal behavior

Question 18

Medulla

Answer 18

regulates heartrate, breathing, etc

Question 19

Pons

Answer 19

regulates sleep

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

involved in physical coordination

Question 21

Midbrain

Answer 21

involved in control of some motor activities, especially those related to fighting and sex

Question 22

Forebrain

Answer 22

more recently evolved—location of most sensory, emotional, and cognitive processes; largest brain region
contains Limbic system

Question 23

Limbic system

Answer 23

central to the regulation of emotion and learning as well as responsible for linking the midbrain with the hindbrain. (Thalamus + Hypothalamus)

Question 24

Thalamus

Answer 24

Receives and integrates sensory info

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

Controls basic biological urges - eating, drinking, sexual activity

Question 26

Parietal lobe

Answer 26

located on the top back portion of the head, receives and integrates sensory information and is related to spatial reasoning

Question 27

Temporal lobe

Answer 27

located beneath the frontal and parietal lobes, processes smell and sounds, regulates emotions, and is involved in learning, memory, and language

Question 28

Nervous system (central and peripheral)

Answer 28

``` Central: brain, spinal cord Peripheral: connections leading from the brain to the muscles, sensory systems, bodily organs, including voluntary nervous system and involuntary or autonomic nervous system Autonomic NS (made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic) ```

Question 29

Attributions

Answer 29

related to the perceived causes or people’s beliefs about the cause and effect relationship

Question 30

Contingency management

Answer 30

controlling the rewards and punishments for behaviors | of interest; most effective when the therapist has control over the patient’s environment

Question 31

Rational emotive therapy (RET)

Answer 31

challenges a client's irrational beliefs. In contrast to | cognitive therapy, clients are directly challenged through disputation in the therapy session.

Question 32

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer 32

Part of 3rd wave CBT movement - emphasizes mindfulness—increased awareness of feelings, thoughts, and motivations