Chapters 13/14 (Final)

Question 1

how does society use energy?

Answer 1

grow, store, cook food, warm/cool homes, extract/process natural resources, manufacture items, transportation

Question 2

most energy use in U.S.

Answer 2

industry

Question 3

who uses the most energy

Answer 3

developed nations

Question 4

coal is…

Answer 4

most abundant fossil fuel, found in northern hemisphere

Question 5

environmental impacts of coal

Answer 5

topsoil loss, landslides, acid/toxic mineral drainage, mountaintop removal

Question 6

how to make coal cleaner?

Answer 6

scrubbers, fluidized-bed combustion (neutralization of coal w/limestone), Clean Air Act

Question 7

Oil/Natural Gas…

Answer 7

provide 56% of world’s energy

Question 8

what is petroleum/crude oil?

Answer 8

liquid composed of hundreds of hydrocarbon compounds, refining separates

Question 9

products of petroleum/crude oil

Answer 9

gases, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel, asphalt, fertilizers, plastics, paints, pesticides, medicines, synthetic fibers

Question 10

natural gas

Answer 10

a few hydrocarbons: methane, ethane

Question 11

where is natural gas used?

Answer 11

electricity generation, cogeneration (natural gas used to produce electricity/steam), transpiration

Question 12

impacts of oil

Answer 12

co2 production, acid deposition, photochemical smog

Question 13

impacts of natural gas

Answer 13

leaks/spills, less sulfur/CO2

Question 14

Deepwater horizon

Answer 14

drilling platform explosion in 2010, Gulf of Mexico, fisheries disrupted, wildlife killed, extensive ecological damage occurred

Question 15

how nuclear energy works

Answer 15

changes within the nuclei of an atom

Question 16

fission

Answer 16

splitting of nucleus into two smaller fragments accompanied by release of large amounts of energy

Question 17

fusion

Answer 17

two small atoms combined to form large atom of different element (sun)

Question 18

enrichment

Answer 18

the process of refining uranium ore to increase the concentration of U-235 so it’s usable in nuclear reactors: processed into pellets, placed into fuel rods, placed into fuel assemblies, reactor contains 150-250 assemblies

Question 19

pros/cons

Answer 19

less pollution, radioactive waste

Question 20

accidents can cause…

Answer 20

radiation release, people are distrustful of accidents although unlikely

Question 21

best type of storage for nuclear waste

Answer 21

deep-underground

Question 22

three options for decomissioning

Answer 22

storage, entombment, immediate dismantling