Chapters 13-14 Flashcards
Divided the country into slave and free states
Missouri compromise
The line used to divide slave and free states
36 30 line
“Slavery should not be allowed in any lands from Mexico”
The Wilmer Proviso created by senator David Wilmot
Compromise written by Henry Clay
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850
California becomes a free state
Popular sovernegeity in New Mexico
No slave trade in DC
Harsher fugitive slave law
Popular sovereignty
People in the states decided if they want slavery
What part of the compromise of 1850 causes most controversy?
Harsher Fugitive Slave Law
Harsher Fugitive Slave Law factors
$1000 fine
6 months jail time
Evidence Required to arrest/fine: a sworn testimony from a bystander
Free men, if they were black, were captured as slaves
Trail slaves used to escape
“Underground Railroad”
A book in response to harsher fugitive slave law act
Uncle Toms Cabin
Who wrote uncle toms cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle toms cabin
300,000 copies sold
Vivid portrayal of slavery
Opens peoples eyes
North no longer ignorant
“Bleeding Kansas”
A nickname for Kansas since it was just a place of fighting
Kansas-Nebraska act
Nullifies Missouri Compromise
Popular soveirgenty on whether a state was free or slave
Stephen Douglas
Wants a transcontinental railroad
Wants expansion
Needs Kansas and Nebraska organized
Southern states unhappy with him since Kansas and Nebraska will both be free
Free soilers
The third and northern political party against the expansion of slavery
Border Ruffians
Not an official political party but southerner party who are pro slavery
Charles Sumner
Massachusetts Senator who spoke “Crime against Kansas”
“Crime Against Kansas”
A speech by Charles Sumner about how Kansas should’ve been free even though it wasn’t, insults Andrew P Butler
Preston Brooks
Andrew P Butlers cousin who held Sumner at gunpoint forcing an apology
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was purchased by an army surgeon named Emerson
Scott travelled to Free territory commonly
When Emerson dies, his wife does not let Scott but his freedom
Scott goes to the Supreme Court
Dred Scott Case Decision
Chief Justice Roger Taney says Scott is inferior, not a citizen, property, and ignores the Missouri Compromise. Says if Scott is “property” the constitution does not let him be free.
Lincoln-Douglas debates
7 debates— running for Illinois senator Douglas offends south from impossible question provided by Lincoln Question about Dred Scott Democratic Party splits Paves the way for Lincoln in 1860
President during Lincoln Douglas debates
James B Cannon
John Browns raid
21 men
Planned to write a new constitution
Plans to attack Harper’s Ferry , Virginia
Leads enslaved in an antislavery rebellion
Plans to capture the Federal Arsenal
John Brown
Fails his raid
Free soiler
Hung
Found a hero
General who stormed the farmhouse John Brown hid him, against him
Robert E Lee
Parties formed into the Republican Party (opposed slavery’s expansion)
Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Retired slave supporters
Democrats
Supported slavery
Republican Party candidate election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln
Northern democratic candidate election of 1860
Stephen Douglas
Southern democratic candidate election of 1860
John Breckenridge
Constitutional Union Party
A party where you use the constitution to guide the law
Constitutional union party candidate election of 1860
John Bell
Winner of Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln
December 20, 1860
South Carolina secedes
Confederate states of America
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
President of Confederate States
Jefferson Davis
Mary Chestnut
Spectated Fort Sumter, says all men should be fighting and doing more for your country.
Fort Sumter Layout
Union is inside the fort
General Robert Anderson
Confederacy on shore
Leader P.G.T. Beauregard
Relationship between generals in union and confederacy
The union general is the confederate generals teacher!
Who surrendered at fort Sumter?
Union general Robert Anderson
How long was fort Sumter
34 hours long bombardment
How many troops did Lincoln call for after fort Sumter
75,000 troops
Union Tangibles
71% of population
More resources— supplies, (71%) railroads, telegraphs, better navy
Abraham Lincoln
Southern Tangibles
Home turf
Motivation
Leadership
Defensive Warfare
Robert E Lee
Overall commander (late) but the heart and soul of the Southern Army
White House Strategy
South must invade the White House to gain foreign support
Antietam
First major battle in northern soil (Maryland)
Bloodiest day in the war (23k casualties)
Robert E Lee retreats which 1/4 of his army dead
After Antietam
1) northern army gains confidence
2) Lincoln openly attacks slavery after signal victory
Emancipation Proclamation
Declared enslaved people in the confederate and United States are free (even though Lincoln doesn’t rule the confederacy)
Wants England and France to NOT aid the South
African Americans
Played an active role in attaining freedom during Antietam
54th Massachusetts
Proved that African Americans could and would fight for freedom
Women became spies
Belle Boyd
Southern spy
Shot a man who pushed her mom
Put on house arrest but got her slave to “get groceries” but actually spread secrets
Rose Greenhow
Southern spy
Helped win battles
Crucial information gainer
Vicksburg
A confederate fort that controlled movement along the Mississippi
Ulysses S Grant
Soon to be overall commander for the North, trying to invade Vicksburg. (United states owns Mississippi)
Siege of Vicksburg
May 18th-July 4th
People hid in 500 caves
200 union guns pounded Vicksburg
People eventually ate mules horses dogs and rats after subsiding on peas cornbread and bacon
The Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point
Lees 2nd invasion of the North
July 1-3, 1863
George Meade
Commander for the North at the battle of Gettysburg
George Picketts Charge
~12,000 men to strike at Union Center
~Only 50% casualties
~The moment Robert E Lee realized the South couldn’t win the battle
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln dedicates a cemetery to the soldiers, north and south, who died at Gettysburg
Appomattox Courthouse
Virginia
Lee surrenders to Grant with no punishment
John Wilkesbooth
Famous actor
Knew plays
Knew when people would laugh in plays or the loudest moments
Abraham Lincoln murderer
Lincoln Asassinated
By John Wilkesbooth during a funny moment in the play
Happened at Fords Theatre
Play: “our American cousin”
Sic Semper Tyrannis
“Thus always to Tyrants”
Meaning Tyrants get death
Said by John Wilkesbooth after he jumped down on the stage
Wilkesbooth hiding
Hides in a barn for 12 days
Lincoln’s role
Passed on to Andrew Johnson
