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History 6 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Battle of Lexington

A

Won by British, Hancock and Adams already warned a militia ready to fight lead by John Parker, nobody knows who fired first

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2
Q

Battle of Concord

A

Won by colonists, lots of colonial soldiers— redcoats had to cross north bridge but militia camped it and redcoats retreated

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3
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

Colonial government, John Hancock was presiding officer, organized war effort— continental army

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4
Q

Commander in Chief of continental army

A

George Washington

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5
Q

Olive Branch

A

Peace petition rejected by King George III— he didnt even read it!

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6
Q

Three generals receiving promotion after Gage demoted

A

Howe, Burgoyne, Clinton

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7
Q

Howe

A

The best, always wins, serious

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8
Q

Burgoyne

A

Vain, loses battles, found as “attractive” (looks like a hamster)

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9
Q

Clinton

A

The last man standing type of army general

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10
Q

Battle of Bunker / Breed’s hill

A

Colonists ran out of ammo so British had a Pyrrhic victory— 1,000 British casualties.

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11
Q

Battle of Ft. Ticonderoga

A

Henry Knox steals 59 cannons back to Boston after Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold take control of Ft. Ticonderoga and its weapons. They surround the British and British retreats

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12
Q

General John Pitcairn

A

General at Bunker Hill

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13
Q

Dr. Joseph Warren

A

Margaret Gage’s doctor, Paul revere’s friend, dies during Bunker Hill

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14
Q

Peter Salem

A

Black slave who shot General Pitcairn leading the charge at Bunker Hill. His feat was marginalized, even though he did one of the MOST IMPORTANT things in the Revolutionary War.

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15
Q

“Common Sense”

A

A book written by Thomas “Tom” Paine, about the common sense and etiquette that all people should have. 500,000 copies sold!

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16
Q

Deceleration of Independence (original draft)

A

Written by Thomas Jefferson, edited by Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, & Robert Livingston

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17
Q

Redcoats after Bunker Hill

A

Go up to Novascotia, Canada, and get 30,000 men for reinforcements, then go to attack NY.

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18
Q

What happened in NY (hint: Howe)

A

William Howe crushes Washington and continental army in NY

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19
Q

British’s two mistakes

A
  1. Underestimated the colonists

2. Captured cities but never captured American Spirit

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20
Q

Washington crossing the Deleware River

A

Awful circumstances— painting is completely inaccurate! Raging winds, bitter cold, ice-choked river, no shoes, on Christmas Night

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21
Q

December 25th, 1776 (technically December 26th because past midnight)

A

Washington and his army surprise attack against Hessian forces in New Jersey.

22
Q

Hessians

A

Working for the British but didnt care who won’t the battle, just wanted money. German foreign mercenaries

23
Q

battle of Trenton

A

Caught Hessians off-guard, 1,400 Hessians surrender

24
Q

Battle of Princeton

A

New Years Day— colonists attack Princeton, NJ— back to back win!

25
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Britain has NYC, plans to capture Albany and control river— William Howe does not follow plan in Albany leaving Burgoyne— the bad one— on his own.

26
Q

Hudson River Strategy

A

Britain has NYC and plans to capture Albany to take over Hudson River, and then split colonies

27
Q

Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne (Battle Of Saratoga)

A

Personal Baggage: 30 carts of liquor, clothing, etc (never wore the same outfit twice!)

28
Q

John Burgoyne’s travel carts

A

138 Artillery pieces, Hot Summer, Difficult Terrain, very slow-moving

29
Q

Battle of Saratoga TURNING POINT

A

Burgoyne surrenders 5,000 men, since Horatio Gates (Washington backup and general) ran into Burgoyne— they fought eachother at Saratoga

30
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

MVP of Saratoga, WANTS A PROMOTION, but Horatio Gates falsely gets credit. Arnold then falls in love with a loyalist and switches sides, giving up all of Americas information

31
Q

Why France declares war on England

A
  1. Battle of Saratoga

2. Ben Franklin!!

32
Q

Valley Forge

A

Continental Army’s winter camp, 12,000 men, close quarters, ragged clothes, 2,000 deaths, DISEASE, scanty supply of food

33
Q

Fire-Cakes

A

Balls of flour and other old food burned to crisps— helped with food supply and were able to used old or fermented food at Valley Forge

34
Q

Leading Ladies at Valley Forge

A

Nurses, Seamstresses, Laundresses, & morale builders— some notable ones are Lucy Know, Martha Washington, and Catherine Greene— unfortunately mostly famous for their spouses.

35
Q

Friedrich Willhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustine Von Steuben

A

Known as Baron von Steuben, Prussian General. Trained Troops at valley forge— taught them Line to Column transition, loading and firing in formation, and how to use a Bayonet

36
Q

Nathaniel Greene

A

Quartermaster General, Forages for food

37
Q

The Battle of Monmouth Courthouse

A

Ends in a tie

38
Q

After Valley Forge

A

Continental army is proven to be a formidable opponent, so British go south hoping for loyalist support

39
Q

The Southern Strategy

A

British take control of Southern Colonies first, due to the large loyalist population

40
Q

Who was in charge of the Southern Strategy?

A

Henry Clinton & Charles Cornwallis — Charleston, SC

41
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

Small, Mobile Force
Ambush hit & run
Take out large, unwieldy armies

42
Q

Guerilla Warfare highlight people

A

Andrew Pickens, Thomas Sumter, & Francis Marion

43
Q

Andrew Pickens

A

“Wizard Owl”

They thought he was a ghost, and he was elusive!

44
Q

Thomas Sumter

A

“Fighting Gamecock”

He was a very vicious

45
Q

Francis Marion

A

“Swamp Fox”

Thought he was a ghost of the swamp!

46
Q

Emily Geiger’s Dangerous Mission

A

A messenger for Nathaniel Greene (even though he didnt want a woman, she was only choice) gets caught with the note, but before she gets searched she swallows the note after memorizing

47
Q

Chesapeake Bay

A

Important People: Washington, Rochambeau, De Grasse
17,000 French & American soldiers
24 Warships from the French
3 week battle!

48
Q

Siege of Yorktown

A

October 19th, 1781

Cornwallis surrenders 7,000 men

49
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

1783
John Jay, Ben Franklin, and John Adams
Decided that 13 colonies are free, British troops mist leave, & colonists get the land of E. Miss, S. Of Great Lakes

50
Q

Rochambeau (Yorktown)

A

Pins Cornwallis with Washington against the coast

51
Q

De Grasse (Yorktown)

A

French General who Prevented Cornwallis’ escape by sea

History 6 (7 decks)

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