Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
What are the five characteristics of living things?
need for energy and materials Maintains homeostasis Responds to environment reproduce and develop have adaptation
define homeostasis
the maintenance of balance of internal biological conditions
what are examples of conditions which must be maintained in order for homeostasis to take place
temperature, moisture level, acidity…
What is the most basic unit of matter?
Atoms
Molecules are made up of
Atoms bonded together
The smallest, most basic unit of life is
The cell
What is the order of the levels of the organization of life from starting from the smallest
Atomic, Molecular, Cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
define tissue
a group of different types of cells working together for a common function
define organs
a group of different tissues working together for a common function
a group of organs working together for a common function is called a/an
organ system
define species
a group of organisms which is able to interbreed
a group of a particular species in a particular area is said to be a
population
a community is a
group of interacting populations in a particular area
all biotic and abiotic things interact together in an
ecosystem
define biosphere
regions of the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere
describe the basics of the flow of energy
sun—>producers complete photosynthesis——>consumers eat producers or lower level consumers…consumers die and energy is lost
Energy is lost as it works its way up the trophic levels in the form of
heat
How do chemicals cycle within an ecosystem?
death, decomposition, inorganic materials returned to producers
Nearly all energy on the Earth originates from the
sun
define energy
the ability to do work
the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the cell is called
metabolism
Pulling your hand back when you touch a hot plate is an example of..
response to environment
the fact that life only comes from life tells us that organisms must
reproduce
Single celled organisms reproduce how?
through asexual reproduction, making an exact replica of itself
sexual reproductions takes place in
most multicellular organisms
sexual reproduction takes play by
a male haploid cell (sperm) and female haploid cell (egg) fusing
What is a gene?
a gene is a segment of DNA coding for the synthesis of specific protiens
define mutation
inheritable changes in the genetic information
How are adaptations related to mutations
if a mutation takes place which makes an organism better suited for an environment, that organism is more likely to survive and pass on its genetic information to offspring
Give an example of a physical adaptation
wings for swimming instead of flying (penguins)
give an example of a behavioral adaptation
carrying eggs instead of leaving them rest
How are adaptations related to evolution?
adaptations provide the framework for evolution. as adaptations are passed down over generations the population will change becoming more suited for their environment
define evolution
when a population develops from modifications that caused adaptation to an environment. common descent with modification
also known as survival of the fittest, this proscess makes modifications/adaptations possible
Natural selection
Who is the scientist that developed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What chain of islands is famous for providing Darwin with a bulk of evidence for natural selection?
Galapagos Islands
the discipline of identifying and grouping organisms following certain rules is known as
Taxonomy
The study of evolutionary relationships is known as
systematics
In classificaiton what is the most inclusive group?
Domains
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
