Chapter 11 Flashcards
What the plant looks like, all the characteristics of the plant that are observed
Phenotype
Self pollination for many plant generations produces offspring plants that look exactly like the parent plant
True-breeding
Pisum sativum is what, and which is the genus and which is the species
Pisum sativum-garden pea
Pisum-genus
Sativum-species
The first scientist to apply math to biology, applied statistics and probability to breeding experiments, and worked as a substitute teacher at a local high school
Austrian monk Gregory Mendel 1822-1884
Tall plants produced tall offspring, red plants always produced red offspring are examples of
True-breeding
Explain Mendel’s theory
Particulate theory- he thought minute particles (hereditary units)were reshuffled in parents and passed on to offspring, he proposed the law of segregation, he proposed the law of independent assortment
Original true-breeding parent plant variety
P generation
What is F 1 generation
This was the offspring from the cross of two true-breeding varieties chosen to be different by only one trait
A specific area on a chromosome
Gene locus
Alleles are identical
Homozygous
All of the DNA, whether it is dominant or recessive is called
Genotype
One dominant and one is recessive Tt
Heterozygous
Dominant allele is represented by a capital letter and the recessive allele is represented by a lower case letter
Short hand
F1 generation allowed to self pollinate gives us
F2 generation
F is from the Latin word? Meaning?
Filius=sons and daughters
F _generation always produced a - ratio of the true-breeding __________.
2, 3-1 ratio, phenotype
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Autosome
Explain the sum role
Sum rule explains phenotype ratios. Since there is more than one genotype that can produce some phenotypes, the probabilities of the genotypes are added
What happens if an autosomal disease is dominant
The affected individual can have the genotype AA (homozygous dominant) or Aa (heterozygous)
If an autosomal disease is recessive
The affected individual must have the genotype aa (homozygous recessive)
Explain autosomal recessive disease with regards to parents or children
Parents can be affected or carriers, carriers are heterozygous and unaffected, most children have unaffected parents, two affected parents will always have an affected child, close relatives who produce are more likely to have affected children, both male and female are affected with equal frequency
Name 3 Autosomal dominant disorders
Osteogenesis imperfecta, hereditary spherocytosis, Huntington disease
Explain autosomal dominant disease in regards to parent and children
If you have the allele you will have the disease: AA or Aa, affected children will usually have an affected parent, two affected parents can have an unaffected child, two unaffected parents will not have affected child, both male and female are affected with equal frequency
What did Gregory Mendel study at the university of Vienna?
Math and science
Describe the blending concept of inheritance?
Theory was that two different parents would produce offspring with an appearance between that of both parents ex:red plant crossed with white plant would give you pink plant
Is it the F1 generation or the F2 generation that disproves this theory of inheritance?
F1 rejected this theory. F1 generation is offspring from the cross of two true-breeding varieties chosen to be different by only one trait
What is Mendel’s law of segregation?
Two traits, segregated in gametes, brought together again in offspring. Each trait can be called an allele
What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
The alleles of one of the gene sort into gametes independently of the alleles of another gene.
What is a true breeding organism?
Is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring
