Chapter 7 Flashcards
Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy stored in bonds of a carbohydrate
Photosynthesis
Organelles in mesophyll tissue cells where photosynthesis takes place are called
Chloroplasts
Carbon dioxide is able to reach mesophyll tissue throughout the leaves
Stomata
A double membrane bound organelle with thylakoids, thylakoid space, grana, stroma
Chloroplasts
A consumer, they are not photosynthetic, and must consume sugar
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic organism, and make their own food
Autotrophs
Thylakoid membranes contain ________ and _______ _________ capable of absorbing solar energy
Chlorophyll, other pigments
Carbon dioxide decreases being used but new molecules can’t get in and oxygen increases being made but not getting out is an example of
Photorespiration
In c4 plants two different cell layers contain chloroplasts
Mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells
Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate, and is sometimes called dark reactions because light is not needed is
Calvin reaction
Requires chlorophyll and other pigments. Solar energy excites electrons that move down the electron transport chain
Light reaction
Pumped into bundle sheath cells, takes energy to pump, brings Carbon into the Calvin cycle and oxaloacetate is reduced to
Malate
Bundle sheath cells surround the plumbing(tubular systems bring water from roots and takes sugars away are
C4 plants
In mesophyll tissues, RuBP carboxylase fixes Carbon to RuBP➡️ RuBP is split to 2 molecules of 3PG
C3 plants
___ plants have the advantage when the water is hot and dry, ___ plants have the advantage when the weather is moderate.
C4, C3
Name a cam plant
Pineapple
At night, PEPCase fixes Carbon dioxide to PEP. PEP is stored in vacuoles. During the day makati is produced and brings Carbon to the Calvin cycle what is this describing
Cam photosynthesis
Won the noble prize in 1961 for his work defining all the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle
Melvin Calvin
The chemical energy stored in the bonds of ATP and NADPH is used to create the chemical energy in the bonds of a carbohydrate (exergonic reaction coupled to endergonic reactions)
An enzymatic reaction of the Calvin cycle
a coenzyme of oxidation reaction (redox) in photosynthesis, and is reduced by 2 hydrogen atoms to NADPH
NADP+
Visible light is made up of wavelengths ranging from
380nm to 750 mm
Travels in waves moving at the same speed, these waves have different and distinct wavelengths is
Solar radiation
Absorbs wavelengths in violet, blue, and green range and also reflects orange and yellow in the fall
Carotenoids
Contain both the light absorbing pigments and the electron acceptor molecules for the necessary electron transport chain
Photosystems
Absorbs wavelengths in blue, violet, and red spectrum
Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B
Carrier proteins and enzymes
ATP Synthase complexes
Electrons begin to move from molecule to molecule ( usually not a cycle). Pigment complexes arranged to form reaction centers absorb visible light➡️electrons gain enough energy to move to a nearby electron acceptor is
Photosystem II
The electron acceptors that move electrons down the electron transport chain. Puts two types of gradient together and is an electrochemical gradient.
Plastoquinone and cytochrome complexes
Creates an opportunity for more h+ pumping and therefore more ATP production
Cyclic pathway
Molecules in photosystem II that pass electrons create the
Electron transport chain
Instead of replacing the electrons by stripping water the electrons come from photosystem II, these electrons have lost water so they lower energy electrons is
Photosystem I
A molecule of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is covalently bonded to RuBP (5carbons) to from a 6 Carbon molecule is
Carbon dioxide fixation
H+ moving through ATP synthase to produce ATP
Chemiosmosis
G3P can be converted to
Sucrose, starch, cellulose, components of fatty acid synthesis and amino acid synthesis
