Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy stored in bonds of a carbohydrate

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

Organelles in mesophyll tissue cells where photosynthesis takes place are called

A

Chloroplasts

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3
Q

Carbon dioxide is able to reach mesophyll tissue throughout the leaves

A

Stomata

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4
Q

A double membrane bound organelle with thylakoids, thylakoid space, grana, stroma

A

Chloroplasts

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5
Q

A consumer, they are not photosynthetic, and must consume sugar

A

Heterotrophs

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6
Q

Photosynthetic organism, and make their own food

A

Autotrophs

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7
Q

Thylakoid membranes contain ________ and _______ _________ capable of absorbing solar energy

A

Chlorophyll, other pigments

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8
Q

Carbon dioxide decreases being used but new molecules can’t get in and oxygen increases being made but not getting out is an example of

A

Photorespiration

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9
Q

In c4 plants two different cell layers contain chloroplasts

A

Mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate, and is sometimes called dark reactions because light is not needed is

A

Calvin reaction

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11
Q

Requires chlorophyll and other pigments. Solar energy excites electrons that move down the electron transport chain

A

Light reaction

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12
Q

Pumped into bundle sheath cells, takes energy to pump, brings Carbon into the Calvin cycle and oxaloacetate is reduced to

A

Malate

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13
Q

Bundle sheath cells surround the plumbing(tubular systems bring water from roots and takes sugars away are

A

C4 plants

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14
Q

In mesophyll tissues, RuBP carboxylase fixes Carbon to RuBP➡️ RuBP is split to 2 molecules of 3PG

A

C3 plants

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15
Q

___ plants have the advantage when the water is hot and dry, ___ plants have the advantage when the weather is moderate.

A

C4, C3

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16
Q

Name a cam plant

A

Pineapple

17
Q

At night, PEPCase fixes Carbon dioxide to PEP. PEP is stored in vacuoles. During the day makati is produced and brings Carbon to the Calvin cycle what is this describing

A

Cam photosynthesis

18
Q

Won the noble prize in 1961 for his work defining all the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle

A

Melvin Calvin

19
Q

The chemical energy stored in the bonds of ATP and NADPH is used to create the chemical energy in the bonds of a carbohydrate (exergonic reaction coupled to endergonic reactions)

A

An enzymatic reaction of the Calvin cycle

20
Q

a coenzyme of oxidation reaction (redox) in photosynthesis, and is reduced by 2 hydrogen atoms to NADPH

A

NADP+

21
Q

Visible light is made up of wavelengths ranging from

A

380nm to 750 mm

22
Q

Travels in waves moving at the same speed, these waves have different and distinct wavelengths is

A

Solar radiation

23
Q

Absorbs wavelengths in violet, blue, and green range and also reflects orange and yellow in the fall

A

Carotenoids

24
Q

Contain both the light absorbing pigments and the electron acceptor molecules for the necessary electron transport chain

A

Photosystems

25
Q

Absorbs wavelengths in blue, violet, and red spectrum

A

Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B

26
Q

Carrier proteins and enzymes

A

ATP Synthase complexes

27
Q

Electrons begin to move from molecule to molecule ( usually not a cycle). Pigment complexes arranged to form reaction centers absorb visible light➡️electrons gain enough energy to move to a nearby electron acceptor is

A

Photosystem II

28
Q

The electron acceptors that move electrons down the electron transport chain. Puts two types of gradient together and is an electrochemical gradient.

A

Plastoquinone and cytochrome complexes

29
Q

Creates an opportunity for more h+ pumping and therefore more ATP production

A

Cyclic pathway

30
Q

Molecules in photosystem II that pass electrons create the

A

Electron transport chain

31
Q

Instead of replacing the electrons by stripping water the electrons come from photosystem II, these electrons have lost water so they lower energy electrons is

A

Photosystem I

32
Q

A molecule of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is covalently bonded to RuBP (5carbons) to from a 6 Carbon molecule is

A

Carbon dioxide fixation

33
Q

H+ moving through ATP synthase to produce ATP

A

Chemiosmosis

34
Q

G3P can be converted to

A

Sucrose, starch, cellulose, components of fatty acid synthesis and amino acid synthesis