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Bio 111 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Contains 1 set of chromosomes from the ovum and 1 set of chromosomes from the sperm

A

Zygote

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2
Q

Each set is a _______pair of chromosomes

A

Homologous

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3
Q

Reduction division

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

______=reproductive =1n cells=ovum/sperm

A

Gametes

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5
Q

The code for correct amino acid sequence in proteins

A

Nucleotide sequence

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6
Q

The version of information for making a specific protein

A

Allele

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7
Q

Correct number of chromosomes is

A

Euploid

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8
Q

Changes to euploid ex:monosomies and trisomies

A

Aneuploidy

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9
Q

Each DNA section that gives information for making a person correctly

A

Gene

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10
Q

Homologous chromosomes line up across from one another along the metaphase plate is

A

Metaphase 1

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11
Q

Homologous chromosomes are split

A

Anaphase 1

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12
Q

Nucleus reforms around one set of chromosomes

A

Telophase 1

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13
Q

Moving day DNA

A

Heterochromatin

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14
Q

A short rest period prior to second nuclear division occurring in meiosis II

A

Interkinesis

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15
Q

Called bivalent because there are

A

2 chromosomes

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16
Q

Called a tetrad because there are

A

Sister chromatids in each chromosome

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17
Q

What phase are Sister chromatids are separated

A

Anaphase II

18
Q

Nucleus reforms around 1 set of sister chromatids

A

Telophase II

19
Q

1n chromosomes (1complete set) line up at the metaphase plate

A

Metaphase II

20
Q

A life _____refers to all reproductive events between one generation and next

A

Cycle

21
Q

Changes in chromosomes number/structure or gene

A

Mutation

22
Q

Failure of one or more chromosomes to separate during meiosis. Causes an abnormal chromosome number in gametes produced.

A

Nondisjunction

23
Q

Genotype xxy. Testes and prostate are underdeveloped, no facial hair, and affected individuals are sterile males

A

Klinefelter syndrome

24
Q

An individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome

A

Monosomy

25
Q

An individual has three of a particular type of chromosome

A

Trisomy

26
Q

Euploid is

A

Correct number of chromosomes

27
Q

Three sets of 21 chromosomes, eyelid fold, stubby fingers, round head, flat face, short stature, Palmer crease, tendency for fast aging, leukemia, cataracts, and mental retardation

A

Down syndrome

28
Q

Male and female have one functioning X chromosome and extra chromosome is inactive is called

A

Barr bodies

29
Q

Short, broad chest, skin on back of neck, ovaries are never functional, do not undergo puberty, have only one sex chromosome, affected individuals are sterile females

A

Turner syndrome

30
Q

Translocation syndrome examples are

A

Down syndrome, alagille syndrome, and certain types of cancer

31
Q

Abnormalities of eyes, internal organs, severe itching, translocation between chromosome 2 and 20

A

Alagille syndrome

32
Q

Segment is removed from one and inserted into another nonhomologous chromosome

A

Translocation

33
Q

Mental retardation, facial abnormalities, abnormal glottis and larynx resulting in a cry resembling that of a cat, chromosome 5 missing end piece

A

Cri du chat syndrome

34
Q

End of a chromosome breaks off

A

Deletion

35
Q

Sometimes called supermales, two Y chromosomes instead of one, are fertile, suffer from persistent acne, males are usually taller than average, and tend to have speech and reading problems

A

Jacobs syndrome

36
Q

Large hands and feet, long arms, breast development, slow but not retarded unless ▶️2X

A

Klinefelter syndrome

37
Q

Deletion syndrome examples are

A

Williams syndrome, and Cri du chat syndrome

38
Q

Turned up noses, pixie like face, wide mouth, small chin, chromosome 7 loses end piece, large ears, poor academic skills, excellent verbal and musical abilities

A

Williams syndrome

39
Q

A chromosomal segment occurs more than once in same chromosome. Occurs in several ways: a broken segment from one chromosome can attach to its homologue, or unequal crossing over may occur

A

Duplication

40
Q

A segment that has become separated from the chromosome is reinserted at the same place but in reverse, the position and sequence of genes are altered is called

A

Inversion

41
Q

Serve to discard unnecessary chromosomes, keeps most of the cytoplasm in the now larger egg, cytoplasm serves as a source of nutrients for the developing embryo

A

Polar bodies

Bio 111 (8 decks)

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