Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
Animal testing is required prior to most clinical studies and is mandated by:
Federal Law
The two most common uses of animals in research include
Drug Research and Vaccine Biology
As household income decreases meat consumption increases/decreases,and dairy consumption increases/decreases
decreases, decreases
Animals used in dairying vary considerably and reflects environment and resources. The top five animals contributing to global milk supply include
Cattle, camel, goats, sheep, water buffalo
The value of animal transportation is greater/lesser/equivalent (select one) transfer or is the most efficient form of nutrient transfer (select the correct order of terms for the above statement).
lateral transfer or conversion. Lateral
process by which diversity is introduced within animals.
Evolution
The three phases of animal development
Evolution/Domestication/Production
Consider the descriptions of the contributions of animal products to world and US food supply
Animal products contribute a greater percentage of calories to food supply in the US as compared to their contribution to world food supply.
Animal products contribute to a greater percentage of total protein than total calories to world food supply
According to the theory of evolution:
Successful organisms emerge through modifications that increase chances of survival
In evolutionary theory, modifications that occur are known as ______________ and will become more commone within a population through the process of ________________ selection, when the modification offers an advantage to the organisms survival.
mutations/natural
Process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to humans and a captive environment, occurring over generations
Domestication
Animals that have never undergone domestication
Wild
Animals that show docility toward humans. Docility may be temporary and does not occur in subsequent generations
Tame
Domesticated animals that have returned to a wild state following isolation from human interaction
Feral
The period of learning in which an animals social group is defined, otherwise known as______, contributed to the successful domestication of animals.
Imprinting
Most animals can distinguish between the tastes bitter, sour, sweet, and salty. An exception is ___________, which have poorly developed sense of taste
Poultry
The visual awareness of dogs is perceived through
Contrasts and boundaries
The theory of meat-eating in the human diet states
Meat provided increased calories and led to decreased stomach size and redirection of calories for brain development
Meat provided increased calories and led to decreased stomach size as less calories were needed for digestion.
Consider the listing of behavioral characteristics. Select the lists of characteristics that would facilitate domestication
large social groups, hierarchical group structure, promiscuous mating, altricial young
males dominate over females, sexual signals by posture, imprinting period, precocial young
In evolutionary theory, modifications that occur are known as ______________ and will become more commone within a population through the process of ________________ selection, when the modification offers an advantage to the organisms survival.
mutations/natural
Behaviors are affected by an animals____and the______
Genetics/Environment
Behaviors that are predominantly influenced by the animal’s______can be increased or decreased within the population by______selection.
Genetics/Artificial
Many individuals have contributed to the study of behavior. John Ray
Identified that complex behaviors develop without learning.
You recently decided to add a new breed of sheep to your current flock. You observe that the new breed is more flighty and less docile than your current breed. This behavior is seen in the offspring as well, despite no change in management practices, indicating that the behavior is greatly influenced by the animals
genetics