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Animal Science 2200.01 > Breeds and Characterstics > Flashcards

Breeds and Characterstics Flashcards

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1
Q

Ohio is number one in what dairy production

A

Swiss cheese

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2
Q

How many dominant breeds are there in the dairy industry

A

6

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3
Q

What are the two most prominent breeds

A

Holstein and Jersey

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4
Q

What breed of cattle is number one in milk production

A

Holstein

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5
Q

This breed of dairy cattle makes up of 85% of dairy industry

A

Holstein

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6
Q

This breed in the one true small breed of dairy cattle

A

Jersey

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7
Q

This dairy cattle breed is number three in milk production

A

Jersey

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8
Q

This breed of dairy cattle originated in the Netherlands

A

Holstein

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9
Q

What color variations are there in the Holstein breed

A

black and white

red and white

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10
Q

When and where was the first importation of the Holsteins

A

Mid 1600s

Boston, MA

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11
Q

What color were the Batavian cattle

A

white

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12
Q

what color were the Friesian cattle

A

black

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13
Q

What were Holsteins selected for

A

Increase in milk yield

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14
Q

What is the result of the increase in milk yield and from confined systems

A

Poor structure and poor udders

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15
Q

Where did the Jersey breed originate

A

The ile of Jersey

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16
Q

What breed was confined to an island for centuries

A

Jersey

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17
Q

what breed of dairy cattle is the oldest purebred breeds in the world

A

Jersey

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18
Q

this breed of dairy cattle produces the greatest concentrations of milk fat

A

Jersey

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19
Q

Jersey’s have a high efficiency of absorbing what

A

B-carotene

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20
Q

What are Jersey’s not efficient at

A

converting B-carotene to vitamin A

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21
Q

What are the coat variations of Jerseys

A

shades of browns

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22
Q

this breed is a dual purpose breed

A

Brown Swiss

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23
Q

this breed has an increase of solids

A

Brown Swiss

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24
Q

This breed is second in milk production

A

Brown Swiss

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25
Q

This breeds size is similar to that of a Holstein

A

Brown Swiss

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26
Q

This breed of dairy cattle has a greater absorption of B-carotene than the Jerseys

A

Guernsey

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27
Q

This breed has an improved udder structure

A

Ayrshire

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28
Q

this breed is sounder on their feet and legs

A

Ayrshire

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29
Q

This breed is dual purpose

A

Ayrshire

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30
Q

This breed is known for being hardy

A

Ayrshire

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31
Q

this breed was imported into the US. in 1978

A

Milking Shorthorn

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32
Q

why were milking shorthorns imported into the US

A

to improve the cattle industry

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33
Q

Does milking shorthorns have their own breed registrations separate from beef shorthorns

A

Yes

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34
Q

This breed is dual purpose

A

Shorthorns

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35
Q

How many cows are in the dairy industry

A

9.3 million

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36
Q

How many pounds of milk are produced yearly

A

196 billion

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37
Q

milk production has _____ while milk consumption has _____

A

increased, decreased

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38
Q

What are the five states that are the highest in milk production

A 
California
Wisconsin
New York
Idaho
Pennsylvania
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39
Q

Why are California and Idaho similar

A

They both have large systems

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40
Q

CAFO has how many head

A

greater than 500

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41
Q

traditional has how many head

A

less than 200

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42
Q

Is CAFO subject to regulations

A

yes

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43
Q

Milk production has _____ but the number of cows has ___

A

increased, decreased

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44
Q

How many herds are CAFO

A

54.9%

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45
Q

How many herds are traditional

A

32.5%

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46
Q

This type of herd represents ____ of dairies

A

74%

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47
Q

Most dairies are ____ driven farms

A

Family

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48
Q

What are the three general systems

A

Confinement
Management Intensive Grazing
Seasonal Dairying

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49
Q

Allows animals to gather in common areas to interact with each other but also has individual stalls

A

Free stalls

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50
Q

confine animals individually to area; put in headlock

A

tri stall

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51
Q

Most common use in parlor systems

A

herringbone

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52
Q

cows are angled at 180 degrees in this parlor system

A

herringbone

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53
Q

cows are side by side: head to butt; animals come in individually

A

Tandem

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54
Q

side by side: head to head

A

parallel

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55
Q

The dairy industry makes up what of the agriculture industry

A

10%

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56
Q

The dairy industry makes what of livestock agriculture industry

A

22%

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57
Q

The dairy is a _____ dollar industry

A

140 billion

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58
Q

What percent does fluid milk make up of the dairy industry

A

32%

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59
Q

What are some types of fluid milk

A 
whole
reduced fat
nonfat
flavored
buttermilk
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60
Q

Products of the dairy industry

A 
fluid milk
dried milk
cultured products
condensed and evaporated milk
butter
frozen desserts
cheese
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61
Q

Examples of cultured products

A

yogurt

sour cream

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62
Q

butter makes up ____ of the dairy industry

A

13%

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63
Q

20 pounds of milk yields how much butter

A

one pound

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64
Q

cheese makes up ___ of the dairy industry

A

37%

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65
Q

Solid cheese products

A

Curds

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66
Q

Liquid cheese products

A

Whey

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67
Q

Frozen desserts make up ___ of the dairy industry

A

8%

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68
Q

What enzyme is used to curdle milk to make cheese

A

rennin

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69
Q

Purity of ancestry; pedigrees recorded in their breed registry; 1900s trend

A

Purebred

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70
Q

livestock not registered or pedigreed; crossbred

A

Commercial

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71
Q

occurred in the 70s of results in new breeds imported for commercial production of cattle for the feedlot industry.

A

breed revolution

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72
Q

What are most cattle today

A

commercial crossbred

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73
Q

What are the three general categories of beef cattle

A

British breeds
continental breeds
Zebu

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74
Q

Known for maternal qualities and earlier maturity but are less muscular

A

British breeds

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75
Q

this breed originated from Scotland

A

Angus

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76
Q

This breed is ideal for open range

A

Herefords

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77
Q

What year was Herefords imported in the US

A

1817

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78
Q

When and why were Shorthorns imported into the US

A

1783; because of dual purpose value

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79
Q

Known for paternal qualities and large mature size; commonly known as terminal sires

A

Continental breeds

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80
Q

When was Limousins imported

A

1969

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81
Q

Name the British breeds

A

Angus
Herefords
Shorthorns

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82
Q

Name the Continental breeds

A

Limousin
Simmental
Charlois

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83
Q

What are Limousins known for

A

loin eye area

84
Q

Charlois have what color variation in their meat

A

red

85
Q

when was the first document of importation of charlois in the US

A

1878

86
Q

When were charlois imported from Mexico

A

30s

87
Q

greatest genetic influence worldwide known for heat and insect tolerance, but later puberty, reduced growth rate, and less muscling

A

Zebu

88
Q

Main breed of Zebu

A

Brahmn

89
Q

Brahmn tolerate what

A

heat and insects

90
Q

brahmn have excess what

A

dewlap

91
Q

What does the oil that Brahmn’s produce do

A

Has odor that repels insects

92
Q

What are the Brahmn’s use in the US

A

crossbreeding

93
Q

If a Brahmn’s hump is smaller what does that indicate

A

better muscle quality

94
Q

Brangus are what

A

3/8 Angus

5/8 Brahmn

95
Q

this breed is dominant in the Brazil beef industry

A

Nelore

96
Q

this breed traces to ongole

A

Nelore

97
Q

When was the first records of Nelore

A

1930’s

98
Q

this breed of cattle originated in Scotland

A

Highland

99
Q

Highland’s are known for being what

A

hardy and durable

100
Q

Highland’s need ____ attention to shelter

A

lesser

101
Q

This breed is leaner and does not need high feed stuff for quality

A

Highland

102
Q

Japanese cattle

A

Wager

103
Q

this breed is predominantly black in the US but may be other colors in the world

A

Wager

104
Q

Wager is known for what

A

intramuscular fat

105
Q

When were the Wagers imported into the US

A

1970s

106
Q

Does Wager have a ____ price for meat

A

greater

107
Q

What can Wagers be marketed as

A

Kobe-shipping point

108
Q

Does it take ____ for Wagers to reach market

A

longer

109
Q

This breed was the first one in the US

A

texas longhorns

110
Q

When were longhorns first imported and from where

A

1500s, Spain

111
Q

This breed is hardy and able to defend themselves

A

Longhorns

112
Q

The longhorns were shaped by what

A

environment

113
Q

What states took part in the preservation of the longhorns

A

Texas
Nebraska
Oklahoma

114
Q

What are the top five cattle producing states

A 
texas
Nebraska
Kansas
California
oklahoma
115
Q

In 2013 the beef cattle industry was ____ dollar industry

A

95 million

116
Q

How many cows were there in 2013 in the US

A

29 million

117
Q

Whats the average herd size for the industry

A

40 head

118
Q

What is added to cattles diet based on their environment

A

minerals

119
Q

What suppresses ovulation in beef

A

lactation

120
Q

Beef industry is ____ integrated industry

A

horizontally

121
Q

How many producers own less than 100 cows

A

90%

122
Q

What percent of the industry owns more than 500 head

A

1%

123
Q

What percent is intermediate

A

51%

124
Q

Where is the largest cow calf operation in the US

A

Florida

125
Q

Where is the second largest cow calf operation in the US

A

Idaho

126
Q

What is the average time in a feed lot for beef

A

100 days

127
Q

What percent of forage in feed is fed to beef in a lot

A

14%

128
Q

How many head does the largest feed lot have

A

32,000 head

129
Q

The five major packers own ___ of the market share

A

85%

130
Q

Beef cattle represent ___ of animal agriculture

A

36%

131
Q

beef cattle represent ___ of agricultural industry

A

10%

132
Q

Beef industry is worth

A

188 billion dollars

133
Q

This type of pig has the ability to produce excess body fat, trend in early pork production (short, compact, early maturing with small litter sizes)

A

Lard type

134
Q

This type of pig has increase body length for maximum yield of bacon (lean carcass, slow maturing, prone to lameness)

A

Bacon type

135
Q

intermediate of lard and bacon type (length of body, muscling, and rapid growth rates)

A

meat type

136
Q

Today pork producers emphasize on what

A

leanness and rapid growth

137
Q

Most of the industry is 90% what

A

crossbred

138
Q

this type of breeds are known to be white and to excel in litter sizes, fertility, and milk production

A

Maternal breeds

139
Q

this breed of hog is the most popular in the US

A

Yorkshire

140
Q

This breed of hog traces backs to Large Whites

A

Yorkshire

141
Q

When were Yorkshires imported in the US

A

mid 1800s

142
Q

This breed of hog is known as one of the oldest breeds

A

Yorkshires

143
Q

this breed of hog is known for foraging and once was a truffle pig

A

yorkshire

144
Q

This breed of hog is fourth in popularity

A

Landrace

145
Q

Landrace were gifts from what country

A

Denmark

146
Q

When was the US allowed to purebred Landrace

A

1950s

147
Q

Landrace and Yorkshires are what kind of breed

A

maternal breeds

148
Q

This breed type is typically colored and known to excel in leanness, muscling, and growth rate

A

paternal breeds

149
Q

What are the paternal breeds

A

Duroc
Hampshire
Berkshire
Poland china

150
Q

this breed of hog is also called the Warren county hog

A

Poland china

151
Q

Poland china is known as what

A

heaviest hog

152
Q

Poland china is better known for what compared to Berkshires

A

More prolific

153
Q

Where was the Berkshire imported from

A

Europe

154
Q

Berkshires were selected to be what

A

leaner

155
Q

this breed is known for having black pork

A

Berkshires

156
Q

where was durocs developed

A

New York or New Jersey

157
Q

When were durocs developed

A

1800s

158
Q

Durocs are known for what

A

larger loin and ham

159
Q

Are Durocs good mothers

A

No

160
Q

Where did the name Duroc come from

A

a stallion

161
Q

What color can Durocs be

A

color of red variations

162
Q

Durocs are ___ in popularity in US

A

second

163
Q

This breed of hog is adaptable to outdoors

A

Hampshire

164
Q

what is the origin of Hampshire hogs

A

europe

165
Q

When was the Hampshire hog imported into the US and where

A

Kentucky in 1800s

166
Q

What does the Hampshire hog trace back to

A

Saddle Backs

167
Q

What was the Hampshire hog originally called

A

Thin Rinds

168
Q

This breed of hog is second in popularity

A

Hampshire

169
Q

This breed of hog is a descendant of Large Whites and weighs about 250-300 lbs

A

middle whites

170
Q

What breed of hog is endangered

A

Middle whites

171
Q

When does middle whites reach market weight

A

17 weeks

172
Q

What is middle whites ideal for

A

roasting hog

173
Q

This breed of hog is from Hungary

A

Wooly pigs

174
Q

What type of pig is the wooly pig

A

lard type

175
Q

The wooly pig is ____ of fat

A

50%

176
Q

Wooly pig is also known as

A

Mangalitsa pig

177
Q

This breeds of hog offspring is born with stripes

A

wooly pig

178
Q

How many piglets typically does a wooly pig have

A

5-6

179
Q

how old are wooly pigs when they reach market weight

A

15 months

180
Q

wooly pigs need what

A

forage

181
Q

when was meisham hog imported into the US

A

1989

182
Q

Meisham hog is known for what

A

very fertile and reaches puberty at 3 months

183
Q

Meisham has good or bad quality of carcass

A

bad

184
Q

What is the typical litter size of a Meisham sow

A

16-20

185
Q

This breed of hog entered the US from Canada

A

Vietnamese pot belly pig

186
Q

How much does a pot belly pig weigh at five years of age

A

100-150 lbs.

187
Q

Why are pot belly pigs in demand

A

for pets and companion animals

188
Q

Pot belly pigs are increased chance of what because they are not fed the proper diet

A

obesity and fat

189
Q

This breed of pig is a miniature pot belly pig

A

teacup pig

190
Q

What was crossed to create a teacup pig

A

pot belly pig X miniature pig

191
Q

this breed of pig is not suppose to exceed 60 lbs

A

teacup pig

192
Q

Name the five states with the highest hog populations

A 
Iowa
North Carolina
Minnesota
Illinois
Indiana
193
Q

Why does North Carolina have a high hog population

A

NC use to be large in tobacco and cotton but as those markets decreased hogs became of interest because at first there was no regulations for hog farms

194
Q

Where are most hogs found in the US

A

corn belt

195
Q

How many hogs were there in 2015

A

60 million

196
Q

How much breeding stock for hogs were there in 2015

A

5.98 million

197
Q

Is the hog industry more business based or family based

A

business based

198
Q

Is the hog industry vertically or horizontally integrated

A

vertically integrated

199
Q

What groups did Smithfield acquire

A

Farmland Foods
carol’s Food
Murphy-Brown
Circle Four Farms

200
Q

What Japanese group acquire Smithfield and when

A

Henan Shaunghui in 2013

201
Q

Who has the largest number of sows in US

A

Smithfield

202
Q

Who has the second largest number of sows in US

A

triumph

203
Q

Who has the third largest number of sows in US

A

Maschoffs

204
Q

This facility operation is greatest in investment costs, but reduced labor, improved efficiency, improved disease management

A

traditional confinement

205
Q

What stages are housed in traditional confinement

A

all stages

Animal Science 2200.01 (5 decks)

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